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Details
Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
List of Symbols
1 Overview of Microgrid
1.1 Microgrid Concept and Challenges
1.1.1 Microgrid Concept
1.1.2 Challenges for Microgrid
1.2 Converters Classification in Microgrid
1.2.1 Grid-Following Converter
1.2.2 Grid-Forming Converter
1.3 Architecture of Microgrid
1.3.1 Parallel-Type Microgrid
1.3.2 Series-Type Microgrid
1.3.3 Hybrid Series-Parallel Microgrid
1.4 Hierarchical Control Theory-General Introduction and Motivation
1.4.1 Primary Control
1.4.1.1 Conventional Droop Control
1.4.1.2 Virtual Impedance Control
1.4.2 Secondary Control
1.4.2.1 Centralized Control
1.4.2.2 Distributed Control and the Consensus Algorithm
1.4.3 Tertiary Control
1.5 Microgrid System Stability
1.5.1 Classification of Microgrid System Stability
1.5.1.1 Power Supply and Balance Stability
1.5.1.2 Control System Stability
1.5.2 Stability Analysis and Performance Assessment
1.5.2.1 Time-Scale Separation and Model Reduction
1.5.2.2 Stability of a Single Converter Connected to an Infinite Bus
1.5.2.3 Stability of Multi-Converter Systems
1.5.2.4 Stability of Multi-Converter Multi-Machine Systems
1.6 Organization of the Book
References
Part I Parallel-Type Microgrid System
2 Unified Droop Control Under Different Impedance Types
2.1 Different Droop Control Under Different Impedance Types
2.2 Basic Droop Control
2.2.1 Fundamental Concept of Frequency Droop
2.2.2 Equivalence of Virtual Impedance and Angle Droop
2.2.3 Analogy Between Angle Droop and Frequency Droop
2.3 Unified Droop Control Under Different Impedance Types
2.3.1 Unified Droop Control
2.3.2 Small-Signal Analysis
2.4 Simulation Results
2.5 Experimental Results
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Dynamic Frequency Regulation Via Adaptive Virtual Inertia
3.1 Analogy Between Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator
3.2 Algorithm of Adaptive Virtual Inertia
3.2.1 Comparison Between SG and Droop-Based DG
3.2.2 Adaptive Virtual Inertia
3.2.3 Practical Control Scheme Without Derivative Action
3.3 Stability Proof
3.3.1 Single Inverter-Based DG in Grid-Connected Mode
3.3.2 Synchronization of Multiple DGs in Islanded Mode
3.4 Design Guidelines for Key Control Parameters
3.4.1 Design Guideline for Droop Damping Coefficient Dm
3.4.2 Design Guideline for Inertia Coefficient J0
3.4.3 Design Guideline for Inertia Compensation Coefficient k
3.4.4 Parameter Design to Limit Excessive RoCoF
3.4.5 Adaptive Inertia Bound [Jmin, Jmax] to Avoid Long-Term Overcapacity of Converters
3.5 Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) Results
3.5.1 Case 1: Under Resistive Time-Varying Load
3.5.2 Case 2: Under Frequent-Variation Load
3.5.3 Case 3: Under Induction Motor (IM)
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
List of Symbols
1 Overview of Microgrid
1.1 Microgrid Concept and Challenges
1.1.1 Microgrid Concept
1.1.2 Challenges for Microgrid
1.2 Converters Classification in Microgrid
1.2.1 Grid-Following Converter
1.2.2 Grid-Forming Converter
1.3 Architecture of Microgrid
1.3.1 Parallel-Type Microgrid
1.3.2 Series-Type Microgrid
1.3.3 Hybrid Series-Parallel Microgrid
1.4 Hierarchical Control Theory-General Introduction and Motivation
1.4.1 Primary Control
1.4.1.1 Conventional Droop Control
1.4.1.2 Virtual Impedance Control
1.4.2 Secondary Control
1.4.2.1 Centralized Control
1.4.2.2 Distributed Control and the Consensus Algorithm
1.4.3 Tertiary Control
1.5 Microgrid System Stability
1.5.1 Classification of Microgrid System Stability
1.5.1.1 Power Supply and Balance Stability
1.5.1.2 Control System Stability
1.5.2 Stability Analysis and Performance Assessment
1.5.2.1 Time-Scale Separation and Model Reduction
1.5.2.2 Stability of a Single Converter Connected to an Infinite Bus
1.5.2.3 Stability of Multi-Converter Systems
1.5.2.4 Stability of Multi-Converter Multi-Machine Systems
1.6 Organization of the Book
References
Part I Parallel-Type Microgrid System
2 Unified Droop Control Under Different Impedance Types
2.1 Different Droop Control Under Different Impedance Types
2.2 Basic Droop Control
2.2.1 Fundamental Concept of Frequency Droop
2.2.2 Equivalence of Virtual Impedance and Angle Droop
2.2.3 Analogy Between Angle Droop and Frequency Droop
2.3 Unified Droop Control Under Different Impedance Types
2.3.1 Unified Droop Control
2.3.2 Small-Signal Analysis
2.4 Simulation Results
2.5 Experimental Results
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Dynamic Frequency Regulation Via Adaptive Virtual Inertia
3.1 Analogy Between Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator
3.2 Algorithm of Adaptive Virtual Inertia
3.2.1 Comparison Between SG and Droop-Based DG
3.2.2 Adaptive Virtual Inertia
3.2.3 Practical Control Scheme Without Derivative Action
3.3 Stability Proof
3.3.1 Single Inverter-Based DG in Grid-Connected Mode
3.3.2 Synchronization of Multiple DGs in Islanded Mode
3.4 Design Guidelines for Key Control Parameters
3.4.1 Design Guideline for Droop Damping Coefficient Dm
3.4.2 Design Guideline for Inertia Coefficient J0
3.4.3 Design Guideline for Inertia Compensation Coefficient k
3.4.4 Parameter Design to Limit Excessive RoCoF
3.4.5 Adaptive Inertia Bound [Jmin, Jmax] to Avoid Long-Term Overcapacity of Converters
3.5 Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) Results
3.5.1 Case 1: Under Resistive Time-Varying Load
3.5.2 Case 2: Under Frequent-Variation Load
3.5.3 Case 3: Under Induction Motor (IM)