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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Glaciology: Mass Balance of Very Small Glaciers on Mount Kenya During 2016-2018
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Methods
3.1 Generation of DSMs and Orthorectified Images from Pleiades Satellite and Cessna Aerial Images
3.2 Accuracy of the Cessna DSM in 2018
4 Extraction of Glaciers on Mount Kenya
5 Mass Balance of Glaciers on Mount Kenya
6 Disappearing Glaciers
References
Climatology: Seasonal Changes of Rainfall Around Mount Kenya and Its Relation to Atmospheric Circulation
1 Introduction
2 Rainfall Distribution and Its Seasonal Changes Around Mount Kenya
3 Relationship Between Seasonal Changes in Rainfall and the Atmospheric Circulation Field
4 Seasonal Changes in Rainfall in the Context of the EWdNSc Area Movement
5 Summary
References
Hydrology I: Impact of Glacier Shrinkage on the Water Cycle of Mount Kenya
1 Introduction
2 Overview of the Survey Area
2.1 Alpine Zone (Elevation >4000 m)
2.2 Moorland Zone (3200-4000 m)
2.3 Forest Zone (2300-3200 m)
2.4 Mountain Foot Zone (<2300 m)
3 Application of Isotope Analysis
3.1 Sampling Method and Sampling Locations
4 Results
4.1 Effects of High-Altitude on Precipitation and the Estimation of Recharge Altitude of Mountain Spring Water
4.2 High-Altitude Effects on Precipitation
5 Groundwater Dating with Chlorofluorocarbons and Tritium
5.1 Chlorofluorocarbons
5.2 Tritium
6 Age of Spring Water at the Foot of Mount Kenya
7 Conclusion
References
Hydrology II: Hydrology, Society of Regions Surrounding Mount Kenya
1 Introduction
1.1 Mount Kenya
1.2 Mountain Glaciers and Hydrology
1.3 Climate Change, Glacier Recession, and Water Supply for Downstream Societies in Mount Kenya
2 Study Sites
3 Research Methods
4 Results
4.1 Actual Changes in Glaciers
4.2 Local Perception on the Changes of Mountain Glacial Cover
4.3 Local Perceptions on the Dynamics of Glacial Cover Changes, Water Resources, and Social Livelihoods
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Geomorphology: Glacial Topography, Soil Development Processes in the Foreland of Tyndall Glacier on Mount Kenya
1 Introduction
2 Study Region
3 Chronology of the Foreland Topography of Tyndall Glacier
4 Circumstances of Soil Development on Glacier Topographies
5 Soil Development Process in the Foreland of Tyndall Glacier
6 Summary
References
Geoecology I: Retreating Glaciers, Plant Succession on Mount Kenya Due to Climate Change
1 Introduction
2 Surveyed Area
3 Recent Climate Changes: Glacial Retreat and Landform Development
4 Reactions of Each Species to Recent Glacial Retreat
4.1 Glacial Retreat and Plant Succession
4.2 Succession at a Permanent Plot in the Cirque Bottom
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Glaciology: Mass Balance of Very Small Glaciers on Mount Kenya During 2016-2018
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Methods
3.1 Generation of DSMs and Orthorectified Images from Pleiades Satellite and Cessna Aerial Images
3.2 Accuracy of the Cessna DSM in 2018
4 Extraction of Glaciers on Mount Kenya
5 Mass Balance of Glaciers on Mount Kenya
6 Disappearing Glaciers
References
Climatology: Seasonal Changes of Rainfall Around Mount Kenya and Its Relation to Atmospheric Circulation
1 Introduction
2 Rainfall Distribution and Its Seasonal Changes Around Mount Kenya
3 Relationship Between Seasonal Changes in Rainfall and the Atmospheric Circulation Field
4 Seasonal Changes in Rainfall in the Context of the EWdNSc Area Movement
5 Summary
References
Hydrology I: Impact of Glacier Shrinkage on the Water Cycle of Mount Kenya
1 Introduction
2 Overview of the Survey Area
2.1 Alpine Zone (Elevation >4000 m)
2.2 Moorland Zone (3200-4000 m)
2.3 Forest Zone (2300-3200 m)
2.4 Mountain Foot Zone (<2300 m)
3 Application of Isotope Analysis
3.1 Sampling Method and Sampling Locations
4 Results
4.1 Effects of High-Altitude on Precipitation and the Estimation of Recharge Altitude of Mountain Spring Water
4.2 High-Altitude Effects on Precipitation
5 Groundwater Dating with Chlorofluorocarbons and Tritium
5.1 Chlorofluorocarbons
5.2 Tritium
6 Age of Spring Water at the Foot of Mount Kenya
7 Conclusion
References
Hydrology II: Hydrology, Society of Regions Surrounding Mount Kenya
1 Introduction
1.1 Mount Kenya
1.2 Mountain Glaciers and Hydrology
1.3 Climate Change, Glacier Recession, and Water Supply for Downstream Societies in Mount Kenya
2 Study Sites
3 Research Methods
4 Results
4.1 Actual Changes in Glaciers
4.2 Local Perception on the Changes of Mountain Glacial Cover
4.3 Local Perceptions on the Dynamics of Glacial Cover Changes, Water Resources, and Social Livelihoods
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Geomorphology: Glacial Topography, Soil Development Processes in the Foreland of Tyndall Glacier on Mount Kenya
1 Introduction
2 Study Region
3 Chronology of the Foreland Topography of Tyndall Glacier
4 Circumstances of Soil Development on Glacier Topographies
5 Soil Development Process in the Foreland of Tyndall Glacier
6 Summary
References
Geoecology I: Retreating Glaciers, Plant Succession on Mount Kenya Due to Climate Change
1 Introduction
2 Surveyed Area
3 Recent Climate Changes: Glacial Retreat and Landform Development
4 Reactions of Each Species to Recent Glacial Retreat
4.1 Glacial Retreat and Plant Succession
4.2 Succession at a Permanent Plot in the Cirque Bottom