Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
1: Global Plant Invasions on the Rise
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Invasion Biology with a Focus on Plant Invaders: History, Concepts, and Definitions
1.2.1 Brief History of Invasion Biology
1.2.2 Defining Invasive Plants
1.2.3 The Plant Invasion Process
1.2.4 Recent Trends and Drivers of Plant Invasion Including Globalization, Increased Trade, and Climate Change
1.3 The Geography of Plant Invasions
1.3.1 The Invasion State of the World's Continents
1.3.2 Are some Areas Particularly Vulnerable to Invasions?

1.4 Assessing Invasive Plant Impacts
1.4.1 Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts
1.4.2 Are Invasive Plants Really that Bad?
1.5 The Way Forward
1.5.1 Techniques and Global Strategies
1.5.2 Opportunities to Avoid a Future Planet of Weeds
References
2: Invasion of Plant Communities
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 The Multistep Process of Invasion
2.1.2 Native Range Dynamics
2.1.3 General Theories of Plant Community Invasion
2.2 Modeling Efforts
2.2.1 Invasion Factors and Plant Traits
2.2.2 Invasion-Factor Framework Model

2.2.3 Application of Spatial Scales
2.3 Case Studies
2.4 Application of the IFF
2.5 Conclusions
References
3: Development of Pathways of Global Plant Invasions in Space and Time
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Historical Developments of Introduction Pathways and Establishments of Alien Plants
3.2.1 Early Spread of Alien Plants
3.2.2 The 1st Wave of Global Spread (1500-1800): The Age of Exploration
3.2.3 The 2nd Wave of Global Spread (1800-1950): The Age of Industrialisation
3.2.4 The 3rd Wave of Global Spread (1950-Present): The Age of Globalisation

3.3 Visualising the Future of Plant Invasion Pathways
3.3.1 The Prominent Role of Horticulture in the Spread of Alien Plants
3.3.2 Management of Pathways
3.4 Conclusions
References
4: Plant Invasions, Rising CO2, and Global Climate Change
4.1 Introduction
4.2 CO2, Climate Change, and Plant Biology
4.3 Overview of Climate, CO2, and Invasive Plant Biology
4.4 Case Studies of Climate, CO2, and Invasive Plants
4.5 Climate/CO2 and Management of Invasive Alien Species
4.6 Uncertainties, Recommendations, and Critical Needs
4.7 Conclusions
References

5: Plant Invasions in Asia
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Diversity
5.2.1 East Asia
5.2.2 Southeast Asia
5.2.3 South Asia
5.2.4 West Asia (Middle East)
5.2.5 Central Asia
5.2.6 North Asia
5.3 Distribution
5.3.1 Spatial Distribution
Studies Involving Single Species
Studies Involving Multiple Species
Distribution of Globally Worst Species
5.4 Factors Governing Plant Invasions
5.4.1 Climate and Climate Change
5.4.2 Elevation Gradient
5.4.3 Ecosystem and Community Features
5.4.4 Infrastructure Development, Demography, and Economic Growth