Intro
Contents
List of Abbreviations
List of Figures
1: The U.S.-American City as an Object of Research
1.1 The City in Figures
1.1.1 Population Development Since 1950
1.1.2 Ethnic Breakdown
2: Growth and Decline of the City
2.1 Phases of Urban Development
2.1.1 Pre-industrial Cities
2.1.2 Industrial Cities
2.1.3 Post-Fordist Cities
2.1.4 Postmodern Cities
2.2 The Suburban Space
2.2.1 Standardisation
2.2.2 State Support
2.2.3 Increasing Suburbanisation
2.2.4 Suburban Worlds and Lifestyle
2.2.5 Heterogeneous Suburbs

2.2.6 Industry and Service Providers in Suburban Areas
2.2.7 Urban Villages, Edge Cities, Edgeless Cities and Aerotropolis
2.3 Sprawl
2.3.1 Countermeasures
2.3.2 New Urbanism
2.3.3 Sprawl Versus Anti-sprawl
2.4 Growing Cities
2.4.1 Challenges of Growing Cities
2.5 Shrinking Cities
2.5.1 Countermeasures
2.5.2 Vacancies, Derelict Land and Land Banks
3: Framework Conditions for Urban Development
3.1 Neoliberalism and Urban Governance
3.2 Mayors
3.3 Globalization
3.4 Vulnerability
3.5 Urban Planning

3.5.1 Growing Influence of Private Investors
3.5.2 Urban Renewal Versus Urban Preservation
3.6 Transport and Traffic
3.6.1 Disadvantages of Individual Transport
3.6.2 Location of Residence and Choice of Transport Mode
3.7 Green Cities for America
3.7.1 High Line Park in Manhattan
3.7.2 Community Gardens
4: Reurbanisation and Restructuring
4.1 Global Cities
4.1.1 New York
4.1.2 Chicago
4.1.3 Los Angeles
4.1.4 Washington, DC
4.1.5 Outlook
4.2 Smart Cities
4.2.1 Influence of New Technologies
4.3 Creative Cities

4.3.1 Creative Class
4.3.2 Criticism
4.4 Consumer and Tourist Cities
4.4.1 Congress Tourism
4.4.2 Attractions
4.5 Downtowns
4.5.1 Loss of Importance and Decline
4.5.2 Population Development and Residents
4.5.3 Revitalisation
4.5.4 Megastructures
4.5.5 Paradigm Shift
4.5.6 Sports Stadiums and Entertainment Districts
4.5.7 Clean Downtowns
4.5.8 Business Improvement Districts
4.5.9 Waterfronts
4.5.10 High-Rise Buildings
4.5.11 Inner-City Housing
4.5.12 Architecture of Attention
4.5.13 Quality of Stay
4.5.14 Retail Trade

4.5.15 Transition Zone
4.6 Segregation
4.6.1 Ethnic Segregation
4.6.2 Socio-Economic Segregation
4.6.3 Demographic Segregation
4.6.4 Segregation in More Recent Times
4.7 Gentrification
4.7.1 Gentrifier
4.7.2 Public Funding
4.7.3 Evaluation
4.8 Privatisation
4.8.1 Shopping Centers
4.8.2 Inner City Squares
4.8.3 Homeless People Without Civil Rights
4.8.4 Gated Communities
5: Selected Examples
5.1 Los Angeles: The New Prototype of the North American City?
5.1.1 Chicago School
5.1.2 Los Angeles School of Urbanism