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Table of Contents
Part I Setting Up Systematic Mixed Methods Research (SMMR)
1 Mixed Methods for Research on Open Systems
1.1 The Link Between Quantification and Mixed Methods
1.2 A Conceptual Introduction to Methodology and Ontology
1.3 Triangulation
1.4 Three Domains of Reality, As Realists Approach Research
1.5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
2 Mixed Methods with Weakly Structuralist Regression Models
2.1 Modelling and Methodology for Mixed Methods
2.2 Strategic Structuralism
2.3 Logics Used in Strategic Structuralist Research
2.4 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Part II SMMR Approaches in Practical Terms
3 Causality in Mixed-Methods Projects That Use Regression
3.1 Causality in a Regression Model
3.2 Stages of Research Design Amendment for Mixed-Methods Research
3.3 Deduction Cannot Stand Alone
3.4 A Quantitatively Complex Example
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Multiple Logics in Systematic Mixed-Methods Research
4.1 Multiple Logics in Statistical Research: Some Exemplars
4.2 An Exemplar Using Participatory Research with Panel Data
4.3 A Statistical Exemplar with a Randomised Control Trial for a Social Intervention
4.4 Warranted Arguments and Two Caveats for Strategic Structuralism
4.5 An Exemplar Using Correspondence Analysis Without Regression
Appendix
References
5 Factor Analysis in a Mixed-Methods Context
5.1 Latent Variables and Entities
5.2 One Could Use Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis
5.3 Measurement Issues for the Manifest Variables in a Confirmatory Model
5.4 Mixed-Methods Research Designs Using Latent Variables
5.5 Whether to Use Scoping Analysis or Primary Field Research
5.6 Research Scope and Feedback Loops
5.7 Closed and Open Retroduction in a Factor Analysis Context
5.8 The Ontological Element
5.9 Conclusion
References
6 Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): A Classic Mixed Method Using Theory
6.1 QCA Is an Umbrella Over Many Procedures
6.2 Tables Help to Summarise Qualitative Comparative Evidence
6.3 Data Reduction Has Been Well Theorised
6.4 Threshold Tests, Quasi-Sufficiency, and Next Steps in QCA
6.5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
7 Calibration of Fuzzy Sets, Calibration of Measurement: A Realist Synthesis
7.1 Two Forms of Calibration: Ordered Categories or Fuzzy Sets
7.2 Features of Multiple Hypothesis Tests Using Fuzzy Sets
7.3 Asymmetry of the Causal Mechanisms? Issues Around Counterfactuals
7.4 How to Make and Illustrate Deep Linkages
Appendix
References
8 From Content Analysis to Discourse Analysis: Using Systematic Analysis of Meanings and Discourses
8.1 Methods of Qualitative Analysis and Elaboration of Findings
8.2 Qualitative Methods, with a Content Analysis Example
8.3 Three Illustrations Demonstrating Deep Arguments Based on Depth Ontology
8.4 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Part III Interpretation and the Validity of Research
9 Interpretations, Meanings, and Validity in Mixed-Methods Research
9.1 Truth Is Not Simple in a Complex Society
9.2 Epistemology for Late-Modern Mixed Methods
9.3 Falsifying Hypotheses: Possible and Desirable, but Not Necessary
9.4 A Retroductive Approach
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Summary of the Logics and Methods for Systematic Mixed-Methods Research
10.1 Induction
10.2 Deduction
10.3 Retroduction
10.4 Synthesis
10.5 Recognising Relevant Irreducible Phenomena (Holism)
10.6 Logical Linkage
10.7 Conclusion
References
11 Glossary.
1 Mixed Methods for Research on Open Systems
1.1 The Link Between Quantification and Mixed Methods
1.2 A Conceptual Introduction to Methodology and Ontology
1.3 Triangulation
1.4 Three Domains of Reality, As Realists Approach Research
1.5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
2 Mixed Methods with Weakly Structuralist Regression Models
2.1 Modelling and Methodology for Mixed Methods
2.2 Strategic Structuralism
2.3 Logics Used in Strategic Structuralist Research
2.4 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Part II SMMR Approaches in Practical Terms
3 Causality in Mixed-Methods Projects That Use Regression
3.1 Causality in a Regression Model
3.2 Stages of Research Design Amendment for Mixed-Methods Research
3.3 Deduction Cannot Stand Alone
3.4 A Quantitatively Complex Example
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Multiple Logics in Systematic Mixed-Methods Research
4.1 Multiple Logics in Statistical Research: Some Exemplars
4.2 An Exemplar Using Participatory Research with Panel Data
4.3 A Statistical Exemplar with a Randomised Control Trial for a Social Intervention
4.4 Warranted Arguments and Two Caveats for Strategic Structuralism
4.5 An Exemplar Using Correspondence Analysis Without Regression
Appendix
References
5 Factor Analysis in a Mixed-Methods Context
5.1 Latent Variables and Entities
5.2 One Could Use Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis
5.3 Measurement Issues for the Manifest Variables in a Confirmatory Model
5.4 Mixed-Methods Research Designs Using Latent Variables
5.5 Whether to Use Scoping Analysis or Primary Field Research
5.6 Research Scope and Feedback Loops
5.7 Closed and Open Retroduction in a Factor Analysis Context
5.8 The Ontological Element
5.9 Conclusion
References
6 Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): A Classic Mixed Method Using Theory
6.1 QCA Is an Umbrella Over Many Procedures
6.2 Tables Help to Summarise Qualitative Comparative Evidence
6.3 Data Reduction Has Been Well Theorised
6.4 Threshold Tests, Quasi-Sufficiency, and Next Steps in QCA
6.5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
7 Calibration of Fuzzy Sets, Calibration of Measurement: A Realist Synthesis
7.1 Two Forms of Calibration: Ordered Categories or Fuzzy Sets
7.2 Features of Multiple Hypothesis Tests Using Fuzzy Sets
7.3 Asymmetry of the Causal Mechanisms? Issues Around Counterfactuals
7.4 How to Make and Illustrate Deep Linkages
Appendix
References
8 From Content Analysis to Discourse Analysis: Using Systematic Analysis of Meanings and Discourses
8.1 Methods of Qualitative Analysis and Elaboration of Findings
8.2 Qualitative Methods, with a Content Analysis Example
8.3 Three Illustrations Demonstrating Deep Arguments Based on Depth Ontology
8.4 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Part III Interpretation and the Validity of Research
9 Interpretations, Meanings, and Validity in Mixed-Methods Research
9.1 Truth Is Not Simple in a Complex Society
9.2 Epistemology for Late-Modern Mixed Methods
9.3 Falsifying Hypotheses: Possible and Desirable, but Not Necessary
9.4 A Retroductive Approach
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Summary of the Logics and Methods for Systematic Mixed-Methods Research
10.1 Induction
10.2 Deduction
10.3 Retroduction
10.4 Synthesis
10.5 Recognising Relevant Irreducible Phenomena (Holism)
10.6 Logical Linkage
10.7 Conclusion
References
11 Glossary.