Intro
Contents
Engineered Biochar: Fundaments
Pristine Biochar and Engineered Biochar: Differences and Application
1 Introduction
2 Production of Pristine Biochar
3 Modified Biochar
3.1 Physical Modification
3.2 Chemical Modification
3.3 Biochar-Based Composite
4 Applications of Biochar
4.1 Biochar for Soil Conditioning and Carbon Sequestration
4.2 Biochar for Remediation of Pollutants from Aqueous Medium
4.3 Biochar Application for Removal of the Pathogen
5 Factors Affecting Adsorption by Biochar
5.1 pH
5.2 Functional Groups Present in Biochar

5.3 Minerals in Biochar
6 Conclusion and Recommendation for Future Direction
References
Waste to Wealth: Types of Raw Materials for Preparation of Biochar and Their Characteristics
1 Introduction
2 Biochar Characterization
3 Classification of Biochar
4 Raw Materials for the Preparation of Biochar
4.1 Effect of Type of Raw Material on Biochar Properties
5 Conclusion
References
Biochar Preparation by Different Thermo-Chemical Conversion Processes
1 Introduction
2 Biomass Pyrolysis
2.1 Overview of the Pyrolysis Process
2.2 Slow Pyrolysis

2.3 Intermediate Pyrolysis
2.4 Fast Pyrolysis
2.5 Microwave Pyrolysis
3 Biomass Gasification
4 Biomass Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC)
5 Conclusion and Prospects
5.1 An Overview of the Current Status of Biochar Production
References
Engineered Biochar: Preparation and Characterization
Physical Treatment for Biochar Modification: Opportunities, Limitations and Advantages
1 Introduction
2 Biochar Activation/Treatment
3 Physical Modification of Biochar
3.1 Physical Modification Type I-Gaseous Activation

3.2 Physical Modification Type II-Ozone (O3) Activation
3.3 Physical Modification Type III-Thermal Activation
3.4 Physical Modification Type IV-Microwave Activation
3.5 Physical Modification Type V-Ultrasound Activation
3.6 Physical Modification Type VI-Plasma Activation
3.7 Physical Modification Type VII-Electrochemical Modification
4 Limitations of Physical Modifications
5 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Chemical Treatments for Biochar Modification: Opportunities, Limitations and Advantages
1 Introduction
2 Chemical Modification of Biochar

2.1 Acidic Modification
2.2 Alkaline Modification
2.3 Modification Using Oxidizing Agents
2.4 Modification Using Metal Salts and Metal Oxides
2.5 Modification Using Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
2.6 Modification Using Clay Minerals
2.7 Magnetic Modification of Biochar
3 Advantages of Chemical Modifications
3.1 Improvement in Physical Properties of Biochar
3.2 Enhancement in Chemical Properties of Biochar
3.3 Enhancement in Electric and Magnetic Properties of Biochar
4 Limitations of Chemical Modifications of Biochar
5 Conclusion
References