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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Part I: Motoneuron Development
Establishing the Molecular and Functional Diversity of Spinal Motoneurons
1 Introduction
2 Anatomical and Functional Diversity of Spinal Motoneurons
3 Specification of Spinal Motoneuron Class Identity
4 Early Patterning of Spinal Motoneurons Along the Rostrocaudal Axis
5 Developmental Mechanisms of Motoneuron Diversification
Hox Genes and the Specification of LMC Neurons and Divisional Subtypes
Intrinsic Programs of Motoneuron Pool Specification
Target-Dependent Regulation of Motoneuron Pool Identities
Development of Phrenic Motor Column (PMC) Neurons
Development and Diversity of Preganglionic Column (PGC) Neurons
Specification Hypaxial (HMC) and Medial Motor Column (MMC) Neurons
Establishing Motoneuron Functional Subtype Diversity
6 Evolution of Spinal Motoneuron Organization and Function
Origins of Tetrapod Limb Motoneurons
Hox Genes and the Evolution of Motoneuron Segmental Organization and Diversity
Divergence of Axial Motoneuron Specification Programs in Fish
7 Assembly of Proprioceptive Sensory-Motor Circuits
Specification of Proprioceptor Sensory Neuron Class Identities
Target-Derived Signals Regulate pSN Subtype Identity and Connectivity with Motoneurons
Roles of Motoneuron Subtype Identity in Sensory-Motor Circuit Assembly
Evidence for Coordinate Regulation of pSN-Motoneuron Connectivity by Hox Genes
8 Motoneurons as Regulators of Circuit Assembly and Function
9 Conclusions
References
Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons
1 Introduction
2 NKCC1 and KCC2 Molecular Properties
3 Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons
Anatomical Maturation of CCCs
Modulation of the Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons
Functional Consequences
4 Pathological Considerations
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Normal Development and Pathology of Motoneurons: Anatomy, Electrophysiological Properties, Firing Patterns and Circuit Connectivity
1 Introduction and Historical Retrospective
2 Classification of Motoneurons
3 The Development of the Electrophysiological Properties and Firing Patterns of Motoneurons
4 Development of Motoneuron Spinal Cord Circuitry
5 Motoneuron Function Is Altered in Disease States
References
Homeostatic Regulation of Motoneuron Properties in Development
1 Introduction
2 Chick Embryo Homeostatic Plasticity
Synaptic Scaling
Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity
3 Translation of Findings in Chick Embryo to Other Systems
Nicotine Exposure to Developing Rat Hypoglossal Motoneurons
Scaling Induced in Zebrafish Motoneurons Did Not Alter Motor Activity
Altered Levels of Neurotransmission Can Trigger HIP in Fly Motoneurons
4 Novel Homeostatic Principles in Motoneurons from Studies in the Developing Fly and Frog
Preface
Contents
Part I: Motoneuron Development
Establishing the Molecular and Functional Diversity of Spinal Motoneurons
1 Introduction
2 Anatomical and Functional Diversity of Spinal Motoneurons
3 Specification of Spinal Motoneuron Class Identity
4 Early Patterning of Spinal Motoneurons Along the Rostrocaudal Axis
5 Developmental Mechanisms of Motoneuron Diversification
Hox Genes and the Specification of LMC Neurons and Divisional Subtypes
Intrinsic Programs of Motoneuron Pool Specification
Target-Dependent Regulation of Motoneuron Pool Identities
Development of Phrenic Motor Column (PMC) Neurons
Development and Diversity of Preganglionic Column (PGC) Neurons
Specification Hypaxial (HMC) and Medial Motor Column (MMC) Neurons
Establishing Motoneuron Functional Subtype Diversity
6 Evolution of Spinal Motoneuron Organization and Function
Origins of Tetrapod Limb Motoneurons
Hox Genes and the Evolution of Motoneuron Segmental Organization and Diversity
Divergence of Axial Motoneuron Specification Programs in Fish
7 Assembly of Proprioceptive Sensory-Motor Circuits
Specification of Proprioceptor Sensory Neuron Class Identities
Target-Derived Signals Regulate pSN Subtype Identity and Connectivity with Motoneurons
Roles of Motoneuron Subtype Identity in Sensory-Motor Circuit Assembly
Evidence for Coordinate Regulation of pSN-Motoneuron Connectivity by Hox Genes
8 Motoneurons as Regulators of Circuit Assembly and Function
9 Conclusions
References
Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons
1 Introduction
2 NKCC1 and KCC2 Molecular Properties
3 Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons
Anatomical Maturation of CCCs
Modulation of the Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons
Functional Consequences
4 Pathological Considerations
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Normal Development and Pathology of Motoneurons: Anatomy, Electrophysiological Properties, Firing Patterns and Circuit Connectivity
1 Introduction and Historical Retrospective
2 Classification of Motoneurons
3 The Development of the Electrophysiological Properties and Firing Patterns of Motoneurons
4 Development of Motoneuron Spinal Cord Circuitry
5 Motoneuron Function Is Altered in Disease States
References
Homeostatic Regulation of Motoneuron Properties in Development
1 Introduction
2 Chick Embryo Homeostatic Plasticity
Synaptic Scaling
Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity
3 Translation of Findings in Chick Embryo to Other Systems
Nicotine Exposure to Developing Rat Hypoglossal Motoneurons
Scaling Induced in Zebrafish Motoneurons Did Not Alter Motor Activity
Altered Levels of Neurotransmission Can Trigger HIP in Fly Motoneurons
4 Novel Homeostatic Principles in Motoneurons from Studies in the Developing Fly and Frog