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Table of Contents
Chapter 4: Biochemical/Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Nematode Management Through Organic Amendments: A Critical Review
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Inhibition of Nematode Biology Following Organic Amendment
4.2.1 Effects Resulting from Physical and Chemical Changes to Soil
4.2.2 Nematicidal Plant Secondary Metabolites
4.2.2.1 Saponins
4.2.2.2 Neem Limonoids
4.2.2.3 Allicin
4.2.2.4 [alpha]-terthienyl
4.2.2.5 Isothiocyanates
4.2.3 Nematicidal Products of Degradation
4.3 Effects on Nematodes Through an Increase in Antagonistic Microbes
4.3.1 Nematode Suppressive Soils
Intro
Preface
Contents
Part I: Organic Management of Nematodes: Paradigms and Mechanisms
Chapter 1: Use of Natural and Residual Resources for the Sustainable Management of Phytonematodes: Challenges and Future Trends
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Plant Extracts
1.3 Essential Oil
1.4 Fungal Extracts
1.5 Sustainable Management: Use of Cover Crops and Plant Residues
1.6 Animal and Agro-industrial Wastes
1.7 Blends
1.8 Challenges and Future Trends
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Organic Nematicides: A Green Technique and Its Overview for Nematode Pest Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Organic Nematode Management
2.2.1 Organic Nematicide Sources
2.2.2 Plants and Their By-Products
2.2.3 Organic Manures
2.2.4 Agro-Industrial Wastes
2.2.5 Oil Cakes
2.2.6 Biochar
2.2.7 Chitosan
2.3 Mechanisms and Modes of Action
2.3.1 Release of Nematotoxic Materials
2.3.2 Effect on Nematode Development
2.3.2.1 Soil Effects
2.3.2.2 C/N Ratios
2.3.2.3 Stimulation of PPN Natural Enemies
2.3.2.4 Impact of Organic Nutrients on Plant Growth
2.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 3: Nematode Management Prospects in Composting
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Compost Preparation
3.3 Compost Maturity and Nematode Management
3.4 Nematode Interactions in a Composting System
3.5 Compost Prospect in Nematode Management
3.5.1 Compost Water Extract in Nematode Management
3.5.2 Compost, Soil Fertility and Suppression of Parasitic Nematodes
3.5.3 Compost as a Carrier for Biological Enhancement of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Other Beneficial Microorganisms
3.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
4.3.2 Organic Amendments and Nematode-Antagonist Interaction
4.3.3 Chemical Warfare Waged on PPNs by Predators
4.4 Mechanisms for Enhancement in Plant Tolerance to Pests Following Amendment
4.4.1 Cell Wall Modification or Fortification
4.4.2 Through Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR)
4.4.3 Adaptation of Plant Exudate Profile or Modification by Microbes
4.5 Caveats to the Assessment of Nematode Control Efficacy Following Organic Amendments
4.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 5: Agroindustrial By Products Suppressing Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Inhibition of Nematode Biology Following Organic Amendment
4.2.1 Effects Resulting from Physical and Chemical Changes to Soil
4.2.2 Nematicidal Plant Secondary Metabolites
4.2.2.1 Saponins
4.2.2.2 Neem Limonoids
4.2.2.3 Allicin
4.2.2.4 [alpha]-terthienyl
4.2.2.5 Isothiocyanates
4.2.3 Nematicidal Products of Degradation
4.3 Effects on Nematodes Through an Increase in Antagonistic Microbes
4.3.1 Nematode Suppressive Soils
Intro
Preface
Contents
Part I: Organic Management of Nematodes: Paradigms and Mechanisms
Chapter 1: Use of Natural and Residual Resources for the Sustainable Management of Phytonematodes: Challenges and Future Trends
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Plant Extracts
1.3 Essential Oil
1.4 Fungal Extracts
1.5 Sustainable Management: Use of Cover Crops and Plant Residues
1.6 Animal and Agro-industrial Wastes
1.7 Blends
1.8 Challenges and Future Trends
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Organic Nematicides: A Green Technique and Its Overview for Nematode Pest Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Organic Nematode Management
2.2.1 Organic Nematicide Sources
2.2.2 Plants and Their By-Products
2.2.3 Organic Manures
2.2.4 Agro-Industrial Wastes
2.2.5 Oil Cakes
2.2.6 Biochar
2.2.7 Chitosan
2.3 Mechanisms and Modes of Action
2.3.1 Release of Nematotoxic Materials
2.3.2 Effect on Nematode Development
2.3.2.1 Soil Effects
2.3.2.2 C/N Ratios
2.3.2.3 Stimulation of PPN Natural Enemies
2.3.2.4 Impact of Organic Nutrients on Plant Growth
2.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 3: Nematode Management Prospects in Composting
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Compost Preparation
3.3 Compost Maturity and Nematode Management
3.4 Nematode Interactions in a Composting System
3.5 Compost Prospect in Nematode Management
3.5.1 Compost Water Extract in Nematode Management
3.5.2 Compost, Soil Fertility and Suppression of Parasitic Nematodes
3.5.3 Compost as a Carrier for Biological Enhancement of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Other Beneficial Microorganisms
3.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
4.3.2 Organic Amendments and Nematode-Antagonist Interaction
4.3.3 Chemical Warfare Waged on PPNs by Predators
4.4 Mechanisms for Enhancement in Plant Tolerance to Pests Following Amendment
4.4.1 Cell Wall Modification or Fortification
4.4.2 Through Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR)
4.4.3 Adaptation of Plant Exudate Profile or Modification by Microbes
4.5 Caveats to the Assessment of Nematode Control Efficacy Following Organic Amendments
4.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 5: Agroindustrial By Products Suppressing Plant-Parasitic Nematodes