Intro
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Analyzing the Defense of Dictatorship
1.2 Defending Tradition or Buying off the Masses?
References
2 A Historical Overview of MENA Politics Leading Up to the Arab Spring
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Legitimizing Dictatorship: Religion, Regimes and Resources
2.3 Historical Context
References
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Media Reports
Printed/Online Books
International Organization Reports
3 Case Studies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
3.3 The Kingdom of Bahrain
3.4 Mubarak's Egypt

3.5 Ben Ali's Tunisia
3.6 Understanding MENA Monarchies
3.6.1 Bahrain's Sectarianism and Jordan's Tribalism
3.7 Conclusion
References
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Media Reports
Printed/Online Books
International Organization Reports
Social Media
4 The Speeches Defending Dictatorship During the Arab Spring
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Speeches of Legitimacy During the Arab Spring
4.2.1 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan's Abdullah II
4.2.2 The Kingdom of Bahrain's Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa
4.2.3 Egypt's President Mubarak
4.2.4 Tunisia's President Ben Ali

Appendix 1: Remarks by His Majesty During a Gathering with National Public Figures
Appendix 2: Speech of HM King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa on 23rd November
Appendix 3: Egypt Unrest: Full Text of Hosni Mubarak's Speech
'Defined Vision'
'Constitutional Reforms'
'In One Trench'
'Immortal Identity'
Appendix 4: The Last Official Address of Ben Ali
Bibliography
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Media Reports
Printed/Online Books
International Organization Reports
Social Media
Index