The Indigénat and France's empire in New Caledonia : origins, practices and legacies / Isabelle Merle, Adrian Muckle.
Merle, Isabelle, author.; Muckle, Adrian, author.
2022
DU720.5
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Title The Indigénat and France's empire in New Caledonia : origins, practices and legacies / Isabelle Merle, Adrian Muckle.
Author Merle, Isabelle, author.
ISBN 9783030990336 (electronic bk.)
3030990338
9783030990329
303099032X
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99033-6
Published Cham : Palgrave Macmillan, [2022]
Copyright ©2022
Language English
Description 1 online resource (xvii, 373 pages) : illustrations (chiefly color).
Other Standard Identifiers 10.1007/978-3-030-99033-6 doi
Call Number DU720.5
Dewey Decimal Classification 995.97
Summary This book provides a long history of Frances infamous indigenat regime, from its origins in Algeria to its contested practices and legacies in Frances South Pacific territory of New Caledonia. The term indigenat is synonymous throughout the francophone world with the rigours and injustices of the colonial era under French rule. The indigenat regime or 'Native Code' governed the lives of peoples classified as French 'native' subjects in colonies as diverse as Algeria, West Africa, Madagascar, Indochina and New Caledonia. In New Caledonia it was introduced by decree in 1887 and remained in force until Kanak New Caledonias indigenous people obtained citizenship in 1946. Among the colonial tools and legal mechanisms associated with Frances colonial empire it is the one that has had the greatest impact on the memory of the colonized. Focussing on New Caledonia, the last remaining part of overseas France to have experienced the full force of the indigenat, this book illustrates the way that certain measures were translated into colonial practices, and sheds light on the tensions involved in the making of France as both a nation and a colonial empire. The first book to provide a comprehensive history of the indigenat regime, explaining how it first came into being and survived up until 1946 despite its constant denunciation, this is an important contribution to French Imperial History and Pacific History. Isabelle Merle is Director of Research in the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) attached to the Centre for Research and Documentation on Oceania (CREDO) at the University of Aix-Marseille in France. She is a specialist in the history of colonisation and the Pacific region, including New Caledonia. Her publications include two books and a wide range of articles on aspects of colonial history, such as subjecthood and citizenship. Adrian Muckle is a Senior Lecturer in the History Programme at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand. He is a historian of the Pacific Islands region including its intersection with histories of New Zealand and the French empire. His primary interests include colonialism, decolonisation, violence and race relations, with much of his research focussing on colonial rule and its legacies in New Caledonia.
Bibliography, etc. Note Includes bibliographical references and index.
Access Note Access limited to authorized users.
Source of Description Description based on print version record.
Added Author Muckle, Adrian, author.
Series Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies series.
Available in Other Form Indigénat and France's Empire in New Caledonia.
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Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in the Text
Abbreviations used in References
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
Contemporary Evocations
The Indigénat as an Imperial Framework
The Reemergence of a Forgotten Field
Origins and Genesis
The "Colonial Situation"
A Periodization of the New Caledonian Regime
Why a History of the Indigénat in New Caledonia Today?
Notes
Part I The Indigénat Regime
2 An Exceptional Legal Regime
The Code Noir on Slavery and the Principle of Special Laws

Civic Integration and the Imperative of Socialization
The Return of the Special Laws
The Principles of Penal Justice in Wartime
For and Against a Justice D'exception: Growing Contradictions
The Birth of a "Legal Monster" in a Republican Context
Legalization of the Indigénat Regime: Toward the Law of 28 June 1881
The Indigénat's Synthesis in Cochinchina and the Beginning of Its Imperial Voyage
Notes
3 Making the French "Native Subject" in Oceania
Establishing the French Presence
Conversations on Law and Government in the Society Islands

Conversations on Law and Government in New Caledonia
The Special Powers and the Royal Ordinance of 28 April 1843
New Caledonia's Authoritarian Trajectory
Tahiti's Liberal Trajectory
Notes
4 Bringing the Indigénat to New Caledonia
New Caledonia in the Wake of the War of 1878-1879
From Cochinchina to New Caledonia: The Case for a Transfer
The Head Tax and the Ambiguities of Democracy
Nouët's Ambitions and the Draft Regulations and Decree of November 1886
The 1887 Decree and the Special Infractions
Notes
Part II The Order of Practices: The Indigénat at Work

5 Establishing the Indigénat: The Era of the Administrators
The Arrival of the Administrators
The Indigénat Before the Indigénat: Practices and Rules "Before the Rule"
The Administrators at Work
Mounting Criticism and the Rise of Gustave Gallet
Managing the Indigénat: The Administrators Suppressed or Consolidated
The Denunciation of "Abuses" or the Search for a "State of Law": The Intrusion of the Colonial Inspectorate
Edouard Moriceau and the Brutality of the Feillet Era
The End of the Administrators and the Coming of the Gendarmes
Notes

6 Stabilizing a Colonial Order: Gendarmes, Grands Chefs, and Petits Chefs
The "Reorganisation" of the "Tribus" of the Grande Terre
The Birth of the Syndic: The Gendarmes as Agents of the Service of Native Affairs
Consolidating the Coercive Regime
Educating the Chiefs: The Case of Amane of Poyes
Interning "Troublesome Chiefs"
Full Circle?
Ongoing Protest and the Improbable Search for "Colonial Legality"
Notes
7 Imposing the Head Tax
Rehabilitating the Head Tax, 1886-1900
Collecting the Head Tax, 1896-1914. Geographical Reach and Fiscal Triumph. Violence, Resistance and Repression

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