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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Part I: Genetic Regulation of the Sex Spectrum
Chapter 1: Spectrum of Sex in a Horn of the Japanese Rhinoceros Beetle
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Sex-Determining Molecular Mechanism in Holometabolous Insects
1.3 Sex Spectrum in T. dichotomus Horn Visualised by Manipulating the Sex Determination Pathway
References
Chapter 2: Sexual Differentiation in Dragonflies and Damselflies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sex Determination System in Insects
2.3 Sex Chromosomes and Chromosome Number Variations in Dragonflies and Damselflies
2.4 Sexual Dimorphism, Adult Color Transition, and Female Color Polymorphism of Dragonflies and Damselflies
2.5 Sex Determination Cascades in Insects
2.6 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sexual Differentiation in Ischnura Damselflies
2.7 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Wax-Based Sexual Differentiation in Dragonflies
2.8 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Chapter 3: Dimorphic Female-Limited Batesian Mimicry in Two Papilio Butterflies
3.1 General Introduction
3.2 Characteristic Traits of Mimetic/Non-mimetic P. polytes and P. memnon Females and Males
3.3 Chemical and Physical Properties of Pigments in Wing Scales in Two Papilio Butterflies
3.4 Identification of Responsible Genes and Supergene Structure for the H and A Locus
3.5 Evolutionary Process of the Mimicry Supergene in Two Papilio Butterflies
3.6 Expression Profiles of Genes Inside the Mimicry Supergene
3.7 Functional Analysis of the dsx Gene and Downstream Genes Controlled under Mimetic Dsx
3.8 Cost-Benefit Balance in Batesian Mimicry of P. polytes: Sexual Strategy Versus Mimicry
References
Chapter 4: Spectrum of Sex Chromosomes in Mammals
4.1 Large X, Small Y
4.2 XO Males Without SRY
4.3 XO/XO System in Spiny Rats, Genus Tokudaia
4.4 Y Loss in the XO Spiny Rat
4.5 Avoidance of a Y Chromosome Loss in XY Spiny Rat
4.6 XCI in the Genus Tokudaia
4.7 Independent Losses of the Y Chromosome in the Mole Vole, Genus Ellobius
4.8 African Pygmy Mouse, XY Females
4.9 Creeping Vole, XX Males
4.10 Sox9 Regulation in Atypical Sex Chromosomes
References
Chapter 5: The Evolutionary Aspects of the Mammalian Sex-Determining Gene SRY
5.1 The Mammalian Sex Determination Gene SRY
5.2 Function of Sry in Sex Determination
5.3 Genetic Structure of Sry
5.4 Discovery of Two-Exon Sry (Sry-T)
5.4.1 Identification of Mouse Sry Exon2
5.4.2 Sry-T Is Essential for Testis Development
5.4.3 Existence of a ``Degron ́́in the SRY-S C-Terminus
5.4.4 Reconsidering Previous Research in Light of Sry-T Discovery
5.5 Evolution of the Y Chromosome and Sry
5.6 Consideration of the Evolution of Sry Exons from the Viewpoint of ``Sex Spectrum ́́
5.7 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Part II: Endocrine Regulation of the Sex Spectrum
Preface
Contents
Part I: Genetic Regulation of the Sex Spectrum
Chapter 1: Spectrum of Sex in a Horn of the Japanese Rhinoceros Beetle
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Sex-Determining Molecular Mechanism in Holometabolous Insects
1.3 Sex Spectrum in T. dichotomus Horn Visualised by Manipulating the Sex Determination Pathway
References
Chapter 2: Sexual Differentiation in Dragonflies and Damselflies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sex Determination System in Insects
2.3 Sex Chromosomes and Chromosome Number Variations in Dragonflies and Damselflies
2.4 Sexual Dimorphism, Adult Color Transition, and Female Color Polymorphism of Dragonflies and Damselflies
2.5 Sex Determination Cascades in Insects
2.6 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sexual Differentiation in Ischnura Damselflies
2.7 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Wax-Based Sexual Differentiation in Dragonflies
2.8 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Chapter 3: Dimorphic Female-Limited Batesian Mimicry in Two Papilio Butterflies
3.1 General Introduction
3.2 Characteristic Traits of Mimetic/Non-mimetic P. polytes and P. memnon Females and Males
3.3 Chemical and Physical Properties of Pigments in Wing Scales in Two Papilio Butterflies
3.4 Identification of Responsible Genes and Supergene Structure for the H and A Locus
3.5 Evolutionary Process of the Mimicry Supergene in Two Papilio Butterflies
3.6 Expression Profiles of Genes Inside the Mimicry Supergene
3.7 Functional Analysis of the dsx Gene and Downstream Genes Controlled under Mimetic Dsx
3.8 Cost-Benefit Balance in Batesian Mimicry of P. polytes: Sexual Strategy Versus Mimicry
References
Chapter 4: Spectrum of Sex Chromosomes in Mammals
4.1 Large X, Small Y
4.2 XO Males Without SRY
4.3 XO/XO System in Spiny Rats, Genus Tokudaia
4.4 Y Loss in the XO Spiny Rat
4.5 Avoidance of a Y Chromosome Loss in XY Spiny Rat
4.6 XCI in the Genus Tokudaia
4.7 Independent Losses of the Y Chromosome in the Mole Vole, Genus Ellobius
4.8 African Pygmy Mouse, XY Females
4.9 Creeping Vole, XX Males
4.10 Sox9 Regulation in Atypical Sex Chromosomes
References
Chapter 5: The Evolutionary Aspects of the Mammalian Sex-Determining Gene SRY
5.1 The Mammalian Sex Determination Gene SRY
5.2 Function of Sry in Sex Determination
5.3 Genetic Structure of Sry
5.4 Discovery of Two-Exon Sry (Sry-T)
5.4.1 Identification of Mouse Sry Exon2
5.4.2 Sry-T Is Essential for Testis Development
5.4.3 Existence of a ``Degron ́́in the SRY-S C-Terminus
5.4.4 Reconsidering Previous Research in Light of Sry-T Discovery
5.5 Evolution of the Y Chromosome and Sry
5.6 Consideration of the Evolution of Sry Exons from the Viewpoint of ``Sex Spectrum ́́
5.7 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Part II: Endocrine Regulation of the Sex Spectrum