Intro
Contents
Traveling Advisor Problem in Occupational Health and Safety Field with a Case Study from Egypt
1 Introduction
2 Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Problem
3 Traveling Advisor Problem Vs. Traveling Salesman Problem
3.1 The Traveling Salesman Problem: An Overview
3.2 Main Differences Between TAP and TSP
4 Traveling Advisor Problem with Single Advisor
5 A Real Application Example
6 Proposed Methodology
6.1 Gaining-Sharing Knowledge-Based Optimization Algorithm (GSK)
6.2 Binary Gaining-Sharing Knowledge-Based Optimization Algorithm (BGSK)

6.2.1 Binary Initialization
6.2.2 Binary Junior Gaining and Sharing Stage
6.2.3 Binary Senior Gaining and Sharing Stage
7 Experimental Results
8 Conclusions and Points for Future Research
References
Data Envelopment Analysis for Healthcare Systems Assessment: Review and Applications from Tunisia
1 Introduction
2 Main Features of the DEA Approach
2.1 Main DEA Models
2.2 Types of Scale Efficiency
2.3 Calculation of the Efficiency Scores
2.4 Identification of the Reference Peers (Benchmarking)
3 Applications of the DEA in the Healthcare Field

3.1 Macro-level-Based Studies
3.1.1 One-Phase-DEA Models
3.1.2 Two-Phases-DEA Models
3.2 Conducted Studies Within a Single Hospital
3.2.1 Integration of All DMUs
3.2.2 Partial Integration of DMUs
4 Applications in Tunisia
5 Challenges and Opportunities
6 Conclusion
References
Artificial Intelligence and Operations Research in a Middle Ground to Support Decision-Making in Healthcare Systems in Africa
1 Introduction
2 AI & OR, Together for Better Healthcare Decision-Making
2.1 Logistics and Management for Healthcare
2.1.1 Patients ́Scheduling

2.1.2 Other Resources ́Scheduling
2.1.3 Capacity Planning
2.1.4 Transport Routing
2.2 Healthcare Practice Support
2.2.1 Disease Diagnosis
2.2.2 Treatment Planning
2.3 Specialized and Preventive Care
2.3.1 Organ Transplant
2.3.2 Disease Prevention
3 Challenges and Opportunities of AI Implementation to Solve Optimization Problems in Africa
3.1 State of Art and Opportunities
3.2 Challenges
3.2.1 Inadequate Infrastructure
3.2.2 Adoption Is Costly
3.2.3 Data Is an Issue
3.2.4 Legal & Policy Issues
4 Conclusion
References

A CODAS Disaggregation Approach for Urban Rainwater Management
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 The CODAS Method
4 The Process of an Interactive Group Preference Disaggregation Approach
5 Resolution of the Mathematical Program
6 Case Study, Result, and Discussion
7 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Untitled
Evaluating How the Regulatory Ecosystem Promotes Entrepreneurial Activities in Africa
1 Introduction
2 Composite Indicators
2.1 Principal Component Analysis
2.2 Data Envelopment Analysis
3 Case Study: Venture Initiations