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Table of Contents
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: General Principles
1.1 Flow Cytometers General Layout
1.2 Flow Cytometers Features
1.3 Parameters and Signals
1.4 Time
References
Chapter 2: Signals: Scattering
2.1 Forward Scatter (FSC)
2.2 Side Scatter (SSC)
2.3 Raman Scattering
2.4 Depolarized Scatter
References
Chapter 3: Signals: Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Impedance, Extinction
3.1 Fluorescence
3.1.1 Depolarized Fluorescence
3.1.2 Autofluorescence
3.2 Phosphorescence
3.3 Impedance
3.4 Axial Extinction
Chapter 5: Light Sources
5.1 Arc Lamps
5.2 Lasers
5.2.1 Gas Lasers
5.2.1.1 Argon Ion Lasers
5.2.1.2 Krypton Ion Lasers
5.2.1.3 Mixed-Gas Ion Lasers (Argon/Krypton)
5.2.1.4 Helium-Neon Atom Lasers
5.2.1.5 Helium-Cadmium Ion Lasers
5.2.1.6 Helium-Silver and Neon-Copper Metal Vapor Lasers
5.2.2 Solid-State Lasers (SSLs)
5.2.2.1 Ultraviolet (UV) Emitting SSLs
Deep UV
320 nm
355 nm
5.2.2.2 Near-Ultraviolet Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.3 Violet Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.4 Blue Emitting SSLs
Deep Blue
Blue-Green
5.2.2.5 Green and Yellow-Green Emitting SSLs
532 nm
552 nm
561 nm
5.2.2.6 Orange Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.7 Red Emitting SSLs
Short Red
Full Red
5.2.2.8 Infrared (IR) Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.9 Supercontinuum White Light Emitting SSLs
5.2.3 Liquid State Lasers (Dye Lasers)
5.3 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
References
Chapter 6: Optical Benches
6.1 From the Light Source(s) to the Interrogation Point(s)
6.2 From the Interrogation Point(s) to the Detector(s)
6.3 Optical Bench Components
6.3.1 Absorption Filters
6.3.2 Interference Filters
6.3.3 Neutral Density Filters
6.3.4 Polarizing Filters
6.3.5 Beam Splitters
6.3.6 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
6.3.7 Prisms, Gratings, Coarse WDM (CWDM)
6.4 Optical Bench Layouts
6.4.1 Transmission Benches
6.4.2 Reflection Benches
6.4.3 Multilaser Benches
6.4.3.1 Spaced Lasers and Separate Pathways/Detectors
6.4.3.2 Spaced Lasers and Shared Pathways/Detectors
6.4.3.3 Time Delay
6.4.3.4 Continuous Collinear Lasers
6.4.3.5 Pulsed Collinear Lasers
6.4.4 Special Solutions
6.4.4.1 Pie-Shaped Design
6.4.4.2 Benches for (De)Polarized Signals
6.4.4.3 Spectrally Enhanced Optical Benches
References
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: General Principles
1.1 Flow Cytometers General Layout
1.2 Flow Cytometers Features
1.3 Parameters and Signals
1.4 Time
References
Chapter 2: Signals: Scattering
2.1 Forward Scatter (FSC)
2.2 Side Scatter (SSC)
2.3 Raman Scattering
2.4 Depolarized Scatter
References
Chapter 3: Signals: Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Impedance, Extinction
3.1 Fluorescence
3.1.1 Depolarized Fluorescence
3.1.2 Autofluorescence
3.2 Phosphorescence
3.3 Impedance
3.4 Axial Extinction
Chapter 5: Light Sources
5.1 Arc Lamps
5.2 Lasers
5.2.1 Gas Lasers
5.2.1.1 Argon Ion Lasers
5.2.1.2 Krypton Ion Lasers
5.2.1.3 Mixed-Gas Ion Lasers (Argon/Krypton)
5.2.1.4 Helium-Neon Atom Lasers
5.2.1.5 Helium-Cadmium Ion Lasers
5.2.1.6 Helium-Silver and Neon-Copper Metal Vapor Lasers
5.2.2 Solid-State Lasers (SSLs)
5.2.2.1 Ultraviolet (UV) Emitting SSLs
Deep UV
320 nm
355 nm
5.2.2.2 Near-Ultraviolet Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.3 Violet Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.4 Blue Emitting SSLs
Deep Blue
Blue-Green
5.2.2.5 Green and Yellow-Green Emitting SSLs
532 nm
552 nm
561 nm
5.2.2.6 Orange Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.7 Red Emitting SSLs
Short Red
Full Red
5.2.2.8 Infrared (IR) Emitting SSLs
5.2.2.9 Supercontinuum White Light Emitting SSLs
5.2.3 Liquid State Lasers (Dye Lasers)
5.3 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
References
Chapter 6: Optical Benches
6.1 From the Light Source(s) to the Interrogation Point(s)
6.2 From the Interrogation Point(s) to the Detector(s)
6.3 Optical Bench Components
6.3.1 Absorption Filters
6.3.2 Interference Filters
6.3.3 Neutral Density Filters
6.3.4 Polarizing Filters
6.3.5 Beam Splitters
6.3.6 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
6.3.7 Prisms, Gratings, Coarse WDM (CWDM)
6.4 Optical Bench Layouts
6.4.1 Transmission Benches
6.4.2 Reflection Benches
6.4.3 Multilaser Benches
6.4.3.1 Spaced Lasers and Separate Pathways/Detectors
6.4.3.2 Spaced Lasers and Shared Pathways/Detectors
6.4.3.3 Time Delay
6.4.3.4 Continuous Collinear Lasers
6.4.3.5 Pulsed Collinear Lasers
6.4.4 Special Solutions
6.4.4.1 Pie-Shaped Design
6.4.4.2 Benches for (De)Polarized Signals
6.4.4.3 Spectrally Enhanced Optical Benches
References