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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
The Changing Landscape
1 A Brief History of Crises and Armed Conflicts
2 A Changing World Order
3 Coping with Complexity
4 The Multifaceted Threat Space
4.1 Threat Space Levels
4.2 Natural, Accidental and Deliberate (NAD) Events
4.3 Nuclear Proliferation
4.4 Pandemics
5 The Grey Zone
6 Multifaceted Threats and Society's Response
7 The Landscape
References
Chemical Threats
1 Introduction
2 Chemical Warfare
2.1 A Long History
2.2 Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) and Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs)
2.3 International Structures Combatting CWA Use
3 Chemical Terrorism
3.1 Non-State Actors
3.2 Non-State Actors: Discussion
4 State Actors
5 Impact of Chemical Warfare Attacks
5.1 Tiers of Impact
6 Impact Reduction
6.1 The Threat
6.2 Prevention
6.3 Preparedness
6.4 Response
6.5 Recovery
7 System of Systems
References
Biological Threats
1 Introduction
2 Natural, Accidental and Deliberate (NAD) Events
2.1 Deliberate
2.2 Accidental
2.3 Responding to Biological NAD Events
3 Pandemics During the 20th and 21st Centuries
3.1 Growing Population Impacts Transmission
4 Biological Preparedness and Technology
4.1 Future Bio-sensor Technology
4.2 Digital Approaches for Biological Preparedness
5 Preparedness
6 Biosecurity, International Control Mechanisms and Convergence
6.1 Convergence of the BTWC/CWC
7 Changing Landscape, Threat Space and the Grey Zone
7.1 Smart Cities
7.2 Information and Influence
8 Summary
References
Radiological and Nuclear
1 Introduction
1.1 Ionising Radiation
1.2 Safety, Security and Regulation
1.3 Uses and Concerns
2 Risk
2.1 Threat Assessments
2.2 Scenario Planning
2.3 Human Understanding
2.4 Building Relevant Scenarios
2.5 RN Transport Example
2.6 Scenario Management
3 The Knowledge Future
3.1 Making Expert Knowledge Available and Understandable
3.2 Gaps in Our Knowledge
References
Explosives and Explosive Effects
1 Global Overview
1.1 Deliberate Acts
1.2 Domestic Explosions
1.3 Industrial Activity and Explosive Storage
1.4 The Natural World
2 Explosives and Blast: Kinetic Effect
2.1 Energy Levels and Energy Distribution
2.2 Formation and Velocity of Fragments
2.3 Blast Waves
2.4 Change in Mechanical Impedance of Air in a Blast Wave
2.5 Reflected Waves
2.6 Comparing Explosives Scenarios: Scaled Distance and TNT Equivalence
2.7 Vapour Cloud Explosions
3 Human Injury
3.1 Non-penetrative and Acceleration Injuries
3.2 Penetrative Injuries
4 Vehicle Response
5 Building Response
5.1 Pressures and Impulses: Materials and Structures
5.2 Progressive Collapse
5.3 Reinforced Concrete
5.4 Steel Columns
5.5 Masonry Walls
5.6 Weaker Component and Glass Windows
6 Mitigation
Preface
Contents
Contributors
The Changing Landscape
1 A Brief History of Crises and Armed Conflicts
2 A Changing World Order
3 Coping with Complexity
4 The Multifaceted Threat Space
4.1 Threat Space Levels
4.2 Natural, Accidental and Deliberate (NAD) Events
4.3 Nuclear Proliferation
4.4 Pandemics
5 The Grey Zone
6 Multifaceted Threats and Society's Response
7 The Landscape
References
Chemical Threats
1 Introduction
2 Chemical Warfare
2.1 A Long History
2.2 Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) and Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs)
2.3 International Structures Combatting CWA Use
3 Chemical Terrorism
3.1 Non-State Actors
3.2 Non-State Actors: Discussion
4 State Actors
5 Impact of Chemical Warfare Attacks
5.1 Tiers of Impact
6 Impact Reduction
6.1 The Threat
6.2 Prevention
6.3 Preparedness
6.4 Response
6.5 Recovery
7 System of Systems
References
Biological Threats
1 Introduction
2 Natural, Accidental and Deliberate (NAD) Events
2.1 Deliberate
2.2 Accidental
2.3 Responding to Biological NAD Events
3 Pandemics During the 20th and 21st Centuries
3.1 Growing Population Impacts Transmission
4 Biological Preparedness and Technology
4.1 Future Bio-sensor Technology
4.2 Digital Approaches for Biological Preparedness
5 Preparedness
6 Biosecurity, International Control Mechanisms and Convergence
6.1 Convergence of the BTWC/CWC
7 Changing Landscape, Threat Space and the Grey Zone
7.1 Smart Cities
7.2 Information and Influence
8 Summary
References
Radiological and Nuclear
1 Introduction
1.1 Ionising Radiation
1.2 Safety, Security and Regulation
1.3 Uses and Concerns
2 Risk
2.1 Threat Assessments
2.2 Scenario Planning
2.3 Human Understanding
2.4 Building Relevant Scenarios
2.5 RN Transport Example
2.6 Scenario Management
3 The Knowledge Future
3.1 Making Expert Knowledge Available and Understandable
3.2 Gaps in Our Knowledge
References
Explosives and Explosive Effects
1 Global Overview
1.1 Deliberate Acts
1.2 Domestic Explosions
1.3 Industrial Activity and Explosive Storage
1.4 The Natural World
2 Explosives and Blast: Kinetic Effect
2.1 Energy Levels and Energy Distribution
2.2 Formation and Velocity of Fragments
2.3 Blast Waves
2.4 Change in Mechanical Impedance of Air in a Blast Wave
2.5 Reflected Waves
2.6 Comparing Explosives Scenarios: Scaled Distance and TNT Equivalence
2.7 Vapour Cloud Explosions
3 Human Injury
3.1 Non-penetrative and Acceleration Injuries
3.2 Penetrative Injuries
4 Vehicle Response
5 Building Response
5.1 Pressures and Impulses: Materials and Structures
5.2 Progressive Collapse
5.3 Reinforced Concrete
5.4 Steel Columns
5.5 Masonry Walls
5.6 Weaker Component and Glass Windows
6 Mitigation