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Table of Contents
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
1: Deciphering the Nexus Between Oxidative Stress and Spermatogenesis: A Compendious Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility
1.3 Biochemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
1.4 Influence of ROS on Spermatogenesis
1.4.1 Lipid Peroxidation
1.4.1.1 Lipid Peroxidation
1.4.1.2 Strategies for Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation
1.4.2 Sperm DNA Fragmentation
1.4.2.1 Prevention of Sperm DNA Fragmentation
1.4.3 Effect on Sperm Motility
1.4.4 Apoptosis
1.4.5 Capacitation and Hyperactivation
1.5 Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Case Study
1.6 Abnormalities That Arise Due to Idiopathic Male Infertility
1.7 Peculiarities Among Global Populations
1.8 Diagnosis and Treatment
1.9 Conclusions
References
2: The Role of Environmental Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility
2.1 Introduction to Male Infertility
2.2 Environmental Risk Factors and Male Infertility
2.3 Pesticides Exposure and Risk of Male Infertility
2.3.1 Organophosphate Pesticides (OPs)
2.3.2 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs)
2.3.3 Bisphenol A (BPA)
2.4 Phthalates: Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis
2.4.1 Dioxins
2.4.2 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
2.4.3 Heavy Metals and Male Infertility
2.5 Metabolism of Environmental Pollutants
2.6 Environmental Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress
2.7 Formation of Free Radicals
2.8 Sources of ROS
2.9 Oxidative Damage to Sperm DNA
2.10 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Male Infertility
2.11 Conclusion
References
3: Effect of Environmental Stressors, Xenobiotics, and Oxidative Stress on Male Reproductive and Sexual Health
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methods
3.3 Environmentally Linked DNA Methylation
3.3.1 Influence of Environmental Epigenetics in Metals Exposure
3.3.1.1 Arsenic
3.3.1.2 Nickel
3.3.1.3 Lead
3.3.1.4 Chromium
3.3.1.5 Copper
3.3.1.6 Mercury
3.3.1.7 Cadmium
3.4 Air Pollution and Oxidative Stress (OS)
3.4.1 Particulate Matter (PM)
3.4.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
3.4.3 Benzene
3.4.4 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
3.5 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Endocrine Disruptors (EDs)
3.6 Drug-Induced Oxidative Stress (OS)
3.7 Tobacco Smoke and Male Infertility
3.8 Xenobiotics and Male Infertility
3.9 Discussion
3.10 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
4: Pesticide Toxicity Associated with Infertility
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Male-Mediated Reproductive Effects
4.2.1 Effects on the Testes
4.2.2 Effects on Sperm Count and Morphology
4.2.3 Effects on Sperm Concentration and Motility
4.2.4 Effects on Male Sex Hormones
4.3 Female-Mediated Reproductive Effects
4.3.1 Effects on Hypothalamus and Pituitary
4.3.2 Effects on the Ovary
Foreword
Preface
Contents
1: Deciphering the Nexus Between Oxidative Stress and Spermatogenesis: A Compendious Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility
1.3 Biochemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
1.4 Influence of ROS on Spermatogenesis
1.4.1 Lipid Peroxidation
1.4.1.1 Lipid Peroxidation
1.4.1.2 Strategies for Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation
1.4.2 Sperm DNA Fragmentation
1.4.2.1 Prevention of Sperm DNA Fragmentation
1.4.3 Effect on Sperm Motility
1.4.4 Apoptosis
1.4.5 Capacitation and Hyperactivation
1.5 Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Case Study
1.6 Abnormalities That Arise Due to Idiopathic Male Infertility
1.7 Peculiarities Among Global Populations
1.8 Diagnosis and Treatment
1.9 Conclusions
References
2: The Role of Environmental Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility
2.1 Introduction to Male Infertility
2.2 Environmental Risk Factors and Male Infertility
2.3 Pesticides Exposure and Risk of Male Infertility
2.3.1 Organophosphate Pesticides (OPs)
2.3.2 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs)
2.3.3 Bisphenol A (BPA)
2.4 Phthalates: Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis
2.4.1 Dioxins
2.4.2 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
2.4.3 Heavy Metals and Male Infertility
2.5 Metabolism of Environmental Pollutants
2.6 Environmental Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress
2.7 Formation of Free Radicals
2.8 Sources of ROS
2.9 Oxidative Damage to Sperm DNA
2.10 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Male Infertility
2.11 Conclusion
References
3: Effect of Environmental Stressors, Xenobiotics, and Oxidative Stress on Male Reproductive and Sexual Health
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methods
3.3 Environmentally Linked DNA Methylation
3.3.1 Influence of Environmental Epigenetics in Metals Exposure
3.3.1.1 Arsenic
3.3.1.2 Nickel
3.3.1.3 Lead
3.3.1.4 Chromium
3.3.1.5 Copper
3.3.1.6 Mercury
3.3.1.7 Cadmium
3.4 Air Pollution and Oxidative Stress (OS)
3.4.1 Particulate Matter (PM)
3.4.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
3.4.3 Benzene
3.4.4 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
3.5 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Endocrine Disruptors (EDs)
3.6 Drug-Induced Oxidative Stress (OS)
3.7 Tobacco Smoke and Male Infertility
3.8 Xenobiotics and Male Infertility
3.9 Discussion
3.10 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
4: Pesticide Toxicity Associated with Infertility
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Male-Mediated Reproductive Effects
4.2.1 Effects on the Testes
4.2.2 Effects on Sperm Count and Morphology
4.2.3 Effects on Sperm Concentration and Motility
4.2.4 Effects on Male Sex Hormones
4.3 Female-Mediated Reproductive Effects
4.3.1 Effects on Hypothalamus and Pituitary
4.3.2 Effects on the Ovary