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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Essential Elements of Fusion Physics
1.2 The Plasma Exhaust Problem
1.3 Boundary Physics at a Glance
1.4 Goals and Synopsis
References
2 Plasma Equations
2.1 Forces and Dynamics
2.2 Kinetic Description
2.2.1 Liouville Equation and Probability Distributions
2.2.2 Boltzmann and Vlasov Equation
2.3 A Basic Discussion of Plasma Collision Operators
2.3.1 From Collisions to Collision Operators
2.3.2 Boltzmann's H-Theorem, or a Short History of Irreversibility
2.3.3 Simplifying Things: The BGK Operator
2.4 Fluid Description
2.4.1 Density Equation
2.4.2 Momentum Equation
2.4.3 Energy Equation
2.5 Implication of Non-relativistic Dynamics
2.6 Closures, Orderings and Reduced Models
2.6.1 Braginskii Equations
2.6.2 MHD
2.6.3 Drift-Ordered Equations
2.6.4 Geometry in Reduced 2D Systems
References
Further Reading
3 Sheath Physics
3.1 The Langmuir (or Debye) Sheath
3.2 Debye Shielding
3.3 A Quick Review of Wall Models
3.4 Wall with Perpendicular Magnetic Field or Non MagnetisedPlasma
3.4.1 Fluid Sheath Model and Existence Conditions
3.4.2 Particle Fluxes and Electrical Phenomena in the Sheath
3.4.3 Collisional Presheath
3.4.4 Kinetic Treatment of the Sheath
3.4.5 Bohm Criterion for Plasmas with Multiple Ions
3.4.6 Sheath Energy Transmission: Formerly (and Wrongly) Known as Heat Transmission
3.5 Wall with Inclined Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Pre-sheath
3.5.1 Bohm Criterion for Shallow Angles and Magnetic Pre-sheath
3.5.2 Electric Potential and Dependence on the Incidence Angle
3.5.3 Effect of Fluid Drifts
3.5.4 Very Shallow Angles and Role of Collisions
References
Further Reading
4 Atomic, Molecular and Plasma-Surface Physics
4.1 A Few Useful Concepts and Reaction Terminology
4.2 Basic Model with Atomic Hydrogen
4.2.1 Electron-Neutrals Interactions
4.2.2 Ion-Neutral Interactions
4.2.3 Other Interactions Between the Electrons,Ions, and Atoms
4.3 Molecular Interactions
4.4 Impurities
4.5 Plasma-Surface Interactions
4.5.1 Reflection, Trapping and Desorption
4.5.2 Wall Recycling
4.5.3 Sputtering
4.5.4 Electron Emission
References
Further Reading
5 Basic Exhaust Concepts
5.1 Magnetic Geometry and Its Connection with the BoundaryPlasma
5.2 Protecting the Plasma Facing Structures
5.3 Elementary Estimates of Scrape-Off Layer Width
5.4 Simple Geometrical Effects-Flux Expansion and Tile Tilting
5.4.1 Poloidal and Toroidal Flux Expansion
5.4.2 Target Tilting
5.4.3 Total Flux Expansion and Magnetic Projection of the Areas
5.4.4 Further Observations on the Geometrical Effects
5.5 Divertor Regimes: The Two Point Model
5.5.1 Derivation of the Two Point Model
5.5.2 General Solutions of the Two Point Model
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Essential Elements of Fusion Physics
1.2 The Plasma Exhaust Problem
1.3 Boundary Physics at a Glance
1.4 Goals and Synopsis
References
2 Plasma Equations
2.1 Forces and Dynamics
2.2 Kinetic Description
2.2.1 Liouville Equation and Probability Distributions
2.2.2 Boltzmann and Vlasov Equation
2.3 A Basic Discussion of Plasma Collision Operators
2.3.1 From Collisions to Collision Operators
2.3.2 Boltzmann's H-Theorem, or a Short History of Irreversibility
2.3.3 Simplifying Things: The BGK Operator
2.4 Fluid Description
2.4.1 Density Equation
2.4.2 Momentum Equation
2.4.3 Energy Equation
2.5 Implication of Non-relativistic Dynamics
2.6 Closures, Orderings and Reduced Models
2.6.1 Braginskii Equations
2.6.2 MHD
2.6.3 Drift-Ordered Equations
2.6.4 Geometry in Reduced 2D Systems
References
Further Reading
3 Sheath Physics
3.1 The Langmuir (or Debye) Sheath
3.2 Debye Shielding
3.3 A Quick Review of Wall Models
3.4 Wall with Perpendicular Magnetic Field or Non MagnetisedPlasma
3.4.1 Fluid Sheath Model and Existence Conditions
3.4.2 Particle Fluxes and Electrical Phenomena in the Sheath
3.4.3 Collisional Presheath
3.4.4 Kinetic Treatment of the Sheath
3.4.5 Bohm Criterion for Plasmas with Multiple Ions
3.4.6 Sheath Energy Transmission: Formerly (and Wrongly) Known as Heat Transmission
3.5 Wall with Inclined Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Pre-sheath
3.5.1 Bohm Criterion for Shallow Angles and Magnetic Pre-sheath
3.5.2 Electric Potential and Dependence on the Incidence Angle
3.5.3 Effect of Fluid Drifts
3.5.4 Very Shallow Angles and Role of Collisions
References
Further Reading
4 Atomic, Molecular and Plasma-Surface Physics
4.1 A Few Useful Concepts and Reaction Terminology
4.2 Basic Model with Atomic Hydrogen
4.2.1 Electron-Neutrals Interactions
4.2.2 Ion-Neutral Interactions
4.2.3 Other Interactions Between the Electrons,Ions, and Atoms
4.3 Molecular Interactions
4.4 Impurities
4.5 Plasma-Surface Interactions
4.5.1 Reflection, Trapping and Desorption
4.5.2 Wall Recycling
4.5.3 Sputtering
4.5.4 Electron Emission
References
Further Reading
5 Basic Exhaust Concepts
5.1 Magnetic Geometry and Its Connection with the BoundaryPlasma
5.2 Protecting the Plasma Facing Structures
5.3 Elementary Estimates of Scrape-Off Layer Width
5.4 Simple Geometrical Effects-Flux Expansion and Tile Tilting
5.4.1 Poloidal and Toroidal Flux Expansion
5.4.2 Target Tilting
5.4.3 Total Flux Expansion and Magnetic Projection of the Areas
5.4.4 Further Observations on the Geometrical Effects
5.5 Divertor Regimes: The Two Point Model
5.5.1 Derivation of the Two Point Model
5.5.2 General Solutions of the Two Point Model