Intro
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: Generalities
Chapter 1: The Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery Concept: An Overview
Introduction
An Overview of the UBE Technique
Generalities of UBE
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Brief History Review of Unilateral Biportal Spinal Endoscopy
Introduction
Important Milestones for the Development of UBE
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Evidence-Based Outcome
Introduction

Laminectomy for Spinal Stenosis and Disc Herniation
Clinical Outcomes
Learning Curve
Operative Time, Opioid Use, and Hospital Stay
Dural Expansion, Facet Preservation, and Secondary Instability
Muscle Damage
Safety
Complications
Lumbar Spinal Interbody Fusion
Clinical Outcomes
Compared with Minimally Invasive TLIF or PLIF
Fusion Rate
Complications
Learning Curve
Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Extraforaminal Decompression at Lumbosacral Lesion
Cervical Foraminotomy
Cervical Spinal Stenosis
Conclusion
References

Chapter 4: Current Technology Available for Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery
Introduction
Brief Summary of UBE in the Market
Technology for UBE
Arthroscopic Lenses
Arthroscopy Sheath
Light Sources
Cameras
Advanced Imaging Platforms Available for UBE
Radiofrequency
High-Speed Drill, Shaver, and Burrs
Water Pumps
Intraoperative Navigation-Assisted UBE
Other Technologies
Conclusion
References
Part II: Basic Principles

Chapter 5: Basic Principles of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: Operative Room Setup, Anesthesia, and Patient Positioning
Introduction
Operative Room Setup
Operating Table
Lighting Equipment
Anesthesiology Machine
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy
Endoscopy Tower
Anesthesia
Patient Positioning
Surgical Area Preparation
Surgical Instruments
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Basic Principles of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: Technical Considerations Before Starting
Introduction

Organization of the Working Space in the Surgery Room
Patient Positioning
Fluid Irrigation
Radiological Landmarks for Access
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: Anatomical Considerations of Elementary Approaches
Introduction
Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Cervical Approaches
Deep Cervical Muscles
Bony Elements
Ligamentum Flavum
The Epidural Space Through Biportal Endoscopy
Peridural Membrane
Meningovertebral Ligaments
Vascular Supply and Drainage of Epidural Space