Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Prefrontal Cortex
1.3 Features of the Prefrontal Cortex
1.4 Anatomical Features of the Prefrontal Cortex
1.4.1 Cytoarchitectonic Features
1.4.2 Cytoarchitectonic Features of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex
1.4.3 Relations to the Thalamic Mediodorsal Nucleus
1.4.4 Granular Layer IV
1.4.5 Mesulamś Cortical Classification
1.5 Anatomical Features of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex
1.5.1 Cellular Components
1.5.1.1 Pyramidal Neurons

1.5.1.2 Nonpyramidal Neurons
1.5.1.3 Interactions Between Pyramidal and Nonpyramidal Neurons
1.5.1.4 Modulation of Activity by Catecholamine and Monoamine
1.5.2 Anatomical Heterogeneity in Area 46
1.5.3 Cortico-Cortical Connections
1.5.3.1 Afferent Connections
1.5.3.2 Efferent Connections
1.5.3.3 Callosal Connections
1.5.4 Cortico-Subcortical Connections
1.5.4.1 Anatomical Connections with the Thalamus
1.5.4.2 Prefrontal Connections with the Basal Ganglia
1.5.4.3 Prefrontal Connections with Other Subcortical Structures

1.5.5 Intracortical Structures: Columnar Organization
1.6 Functional Features of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex
1.6.1 Human Prefrontal Functions
1.6.2 Functional Heterogeneity of the Prefrontal Cortex
1.6.3 Functional Heterogeneity in Human Prefrontal Cortex
1.6.4 Functional Development of the Prefrontal Cortex
References
Chapter 2: Historical Perspective of Prefrontal Research
2.1 Functional Localization of the Cerebral Cortex
2.2 Historical Perspective of Frontal Lobe Functions
2.2.1 Debate Between Holistic Theory and Localization Theory

2.2.2 Functions of the Frontal Lobe
2.2.3 Lashleyś Principles: Equipotentiality and Mass Action
2.2.4 The Prefrontal Cortex Has Some Specific Function
2.2.5 Jacobsenś Experiments Using Delayed-Response Task
2.2.6 Delayed-Response Deficits Caused by Prefrontal Lesions
2.2.7 Localization of the Cortical Area Responsible for Delayed-Response Performance
2.2.8 Delayed-Response Deficits Can Be Observed in Human Prefrontal Patients
2.2.9 Delayed-Response Deficits Can Also Be Observed in Rats and Dogs
2.3 Behavioral Deficits in Other Delay Tasks Caused by Prefrontal Lesions

2.3.1 Delayed Alternation Task and Importance of Spatial Factor
2.3.2 Delayed Matching-to-Sample Task and Other Delay Tasks
2.4 Cryogenic Depression of Prefrontal Functions
2.5 What Causes Delayed-Response Deficits?
2.5.1 Factors Affecting Delayed-Response Performances
2.5.2 Increased Susceptibility, Distractibility, and Hyperactivity to Irrelevant Stimuli
2.5.3 Kinesthetic Effects
2.6 Mnemonic Hypothesis of Prefrontal Function
2.6.1 Problems of Behavior Control During the Delay Period
2.6.2 An Oculomotor Version of the Delayed-Response Task