Intro
Contents
Neovascular Glaucoma: An Overview
References
Epidemiology of Neovascular Glaucoma
1 Introduction
2 Prevalence
3 Risk Factors
3.1 Age
3.2 Race
3.3 Gender
3.4 Socioeconomic Status
4 Prevalence Based on Etiology
4.1 Diabetes Mellitus
4.2 Retinal Vein Occlusions
4.3 Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
5 Conclusion
References
Pathophysiology of Neovascular Glaucoma
1 Clinical Aspects of Anterior Segment Neovascularization
2 Cell Biology of Anterior Segment Neovascularization
3 Posterior Segment Ischemia

4 Vasoproliferative Factors
4.1 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
4.2 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
4.3 Other Angiogenic Factors
5 From Retina to Aqueous
6 Beyond Retinal Ischemia
7 Conclusions
References
Clinical Diagnosis of Neovascular Glaucoma in the Ophthalmology Office
1 Introduction
2 Clinical History
3 Examination
3.1 Visual Acuity
3.2 Pupil Examination
3.3 Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
3.4 Conjunctiva/Sclera and Cornea
3.5 Anterior Chamber
3.6 Iris
3.7 Gonioscopy
3.8 Lens
3.9 Dilated Fundus Examination

4 Ancillary Testing
4.1 Anterior Segment Photography
4.2 Visual Field Testing
4.3 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
4.4 Fluorescein Angiography
4.5 B-Scan Ultrasound
4.6 Systemic Workup
5 Treatment
6 Conclusion
References
Clinical Diagnosis of Neovascular Glaucoma in the Emergency Room
1 Disease Pathogenesis
2 Clinical Presentation
3 Patient History
4 Physical Examination
5 Additional Testing
6 Treatment and Follow-Up
7 Conclusions
References
Neovascular Glaucoma in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
1 Introduction

2 Epidemiology
2.1 Neovascular Glaucoma
2.2 Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
3 Mechanism
4 Diagnosis
4.1 History
4.2 Exam
4.3 Diagnostic Testing for Neovascularization of the Iris and Angle
5 Management
5.1 Treating the Underlying Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
5.2 Controlling Intraocular Pressure
5.2.1 Medical Management
5.2.2 Laser and Surgical Management
6 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Neovascular Glaucoma in Retinal Vein Occlusions
1 Introduction
2 Pathogenesis of Neovascularization

2.1 Risk Factors for Neovascularization
3 Diagnosis
3.1 Clinical Features
3.2 Diagnostic Testing
4 Management and Treatment
4.1 Anti-VEGF Medications
4.2 Glucocorticoids
4.3 IOP-Lowering Medications
4.4 IOP-Lowering Surgery
5 Conclusion
References
Neovascular Glaucoma in Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
1 Background
2 Clinical Presentation
3 Systemic Associations and Management
3.1 Revascularization of the Carotid Artery
3.2 Ophthalmic Medical and Surgical Therapy
4 Conclusion
References