Intro
Preface
Contents
1 Electrologica, a Gem
1.1 Electrologica Is a Gem in the History of Dutch Computing
1.1.1 Organizing Research
1.1.2 Mathematical Culture
1.1.3 Owning Electrologica
1.2 State of the Art
1.2.1 The Company
1.2.2 The Mathematical Center
1.2.3 Software, Language, and ALGOL
1.2.4 The Dijkstra-Zonneveld Compiler
1.2.5 Industrial Design and Cold War
1.3 On Offer
2 Philips and the Fate of Electrologica
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Calculating Machines in the Postwar Innovation Spirit
2.3 The English Tour
2.4 The Harvest of 1953

2.5 Towards Production in Series, the ZEBRA Story
2.6 Electrologica
2.7 Electrologica's Company Strategy
2.8 Knowledge and Propriety at Philips
2.9 European Perspective
3 From the X1 to the X8
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Towards Electrologica's Founding
3.3 Electrologica X1
3.3.1 Developing the Prototype for Nillmij
3.3.2 Electrologica Takes off
3.3.3 Electrologica's Connection to Peripherals
3.3.4 Delivering Software
3.4 Seeking a Successor: X0 and X2, or the X8
3.4.1 Ambitious Successors to the X1
3.4.2 A Realistic Successor to the X1, the X8

3.4.3 Users Get Involved: The Z8 Software Committee
3.5 The ELX Series Marked the End
4 Software Without Memory
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Early Computer Science in the Netherlands
4.3 A Personal Perspective
4.4 Two Suggestions for History Research
5 The Mathematical Center, ALGOL 60, and the Electrologica X8
5.1 Introduction
5.2 My Years at the Mathematical Center
5.3 The Electrologica X1 and X8
5.4 ALGOL 60
5.5 The MC Implementation of ALGOL 60 forthe Electrologica X8
5.5.1 Language Choice and Language Interpretation

5.5.2 The Mapping from Source Language to Object Language
5.5.3 The Construction of the Compiler
5.6 Text Editing Anno 1960-1965
5.7 Closing Remarks and Evaluation
6 History of Dekker's Algorithm for Mutual Exclusion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Definition of the Mutual Exclusion Problem for Two Processes
6.3 Dekker's Algorithm for Mutual Exclusion
6.4 Variants
6.5 Mutual Exclusion for Any Number of Processes
7 The Electrologica X8 and the BOL Detector
7.1 Introduction and Background
7.2 The BOL Project
7.3 Why and How the X8 Came to IKO

7.4 Setting up the Computing and Network Infrastructure
7.5 Time-Sharing
7.6 Developing Data Reduction and Analysis Software
7.7 Software for Minicomputer Network Nodes
7.8 Final Considerations and Conclusions
8 An Early Experiment in Algorithmic Composition
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Affix Grammars
8.3 The IFIP Competition
8.4 The Musical Result
Appendix 1 Composing with a computer
Appendix 2 The Algol 60 procedure compose
References
A Note on the Contributors
Provenance of the Pictures
Index