Intro
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Abbreviations
1 Suturing Techniques in Robot-Asssisted Partial Nephrectomy (RAPN)
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classic Renorrhaphy
1.3 Single Versus Double Layer
1.4 Running Versus Interrupted Suture
1.5 Barbed Versus Nonbarbed Suture
1.6 Hemostatic Agents
1.7 Selective Suturing-Sutureless Technique
1.8 Conclusion
References
2 Resection Techniques Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy
References
3 Clamping Techniques for Partial Nephrectomy
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Warm-Ischemia Resection

3.3 Off-Clamp Resection
3.4 Early Unclamping
3.5 Superselective Clamping
3.6 Cold Ischemia
3.7 Reclamping
3.8 Summary
References
4 Robotic Retroperitoneal Partial Nephrectomy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Patient Selection
4.3 Pre-operative Evaluation and Preparation
4.4 Patient Position
4.5 Obtaining Access
4.6 Robot Docking
4.7 Partial Nephrectomy: Techniques
4.8 Special Concerns
4.8.1 Breach of Peritoneum
4.8.2 Selective Artery Clamping
4.8.3 Parenchyma Around Tumour Lights Up with ICG
4.9 Literature Review

4.9.1 Operative Time and Warm Ischemia Time
4.9.2 Estimated Blood Loss and Length of Hospital Stay
4.9.3 Clavien-Dindo Minor (Grade 1 to 2) and Major (Grade 3 to 5) Complications
4.9.4 Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Upstaging of Chronic Kidney Disease
4.9.5 Positive Surgical Margin and Overall Tumour Recurrence
4.9.6 Summary of Evidence
5 Robotic Partial Nephrectomy
5.1 Indications
5.2 Techniques
5.2.1 Approaches
5.2.2 Pedicle Management
5.2.3 Resection and Suture Techniques
5.2.4 Novel Technologies
5.3 Conclusions
References

6 Pushing the Boundaries in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cancer
6.1 Pre-operative Planning with 3D Models
6.2 Hilum Control
6.2.1 Off-Clamp Resection
6.2.2 Early Unclamping
6.2.3 Superselective Clamping = "zero Ischemia"
6.2.4 Cold Ischemia
6.3 Tumour Resection Strategy
6.4 Future Perspectives
6.4.1 3D Model Generation
6.4.2 Virtual Models and Augmented Reality
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Perioperative Surgical Complications in Robotic Partial Nephrectomy
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Definition and Rates

7.3 Pre-operative Prevention of Complications
7.4 Intraoperative Complications
7.4.1 Intraoperative Adverse Events Leading to Bleeding
7.4.2 Intraoperative Tumor Violation (ITV)
7.4.3 Visceral Injuries
7.4.4 Thoracic Complications
7.5 Postoperative Complications
7.5.1 Postoperative Bleeding
7.5.2 Urinary Leak
7.5.3 Acute Kidney Injury
7.6 Conclusions
References
8 Renal Robotic Surgery for Lefties: Left-Handedness in Upper Tract Robotic Surgery
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Upper Tract Robotic Surgery
8.2.1 Instruments