@article{1452122,
      recid = {1452122},
      author = {Fujiwara, Masatoshi. and Aoshima, Yaichi,},
      title = {Mechanisms for long-term innovation : technology and  business development of reverse osmosis membranes /},
      pages = {1 online resource (1 volume) :},
      abstract = {This book explores how a long-term innovation can take  place based on historical analyses of the development of  reverse osmosis (RO) membrane from the early 1950s to the  mid-2010s. The RO membrane is a critical material for  desalination that is a key to solve water shortages  becoming serious in many places of the world. The authors  conducted in-depth field studies as well as analyses of  rich archival data to demonstrate how researchers,  engineers, managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers  interacted each other for this material innovation to be  realized. A series of historical analyses in this book  uncovered that initial government supports, strategic niche  markets, emergence of breakthrough technology, and  company-specific rationales played significant roles for  companies to overcome four types of uncertainty,  technological, market, competition, and  social/organizational ones, and enabled the companies to  persistently invest in the development and  commercialization of the RO membrane. This book depicts  that innovation does not arise on a sudden, but that it is  actualized through long lasting process with turns and  twists, which is driven by many non-economic rationales  beyond economic motives.},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/1452122},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4896-1},
}