Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction to Organic Agriculture
1.1 History and Current Organic Agriculture Land Use
1.1.1 Early Developments
1.1.2 Developments after Second World War
1.1.3 Current Organic Agricultural Land Use
1.1.4 Expansion of Organic Agriculture
1.2 Practices and Principles
1.3 Conclusions
1.4 Review Questions
References
Chapter 2: Effects of Organic Agriculture on the Soil Carbon Stock
2.1 Basic Principles of Soil Carbon Sequestration
2.1.1 Soil Carbon
2.1.2 Soil Carbon Sequestration

2.2 Soil Inorganic Carbon
2.2.1 Effects of Organic Agriculture Practices on Soil Inorganic Carbon
2.2.2 Soil Inorganic Carbon Stocks under Organic Agriculture
2.3 Soil Organic Carbon
2.3.1 Effects of Organic Agriculture Practices on Soil Organic Carbon
2.3.2 Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Under Organic Agriculture
2.4 Net Effect of Organic Agriculture on Soil Carbon Sequestration
2.5 Conclusions
2.6 Review Questions
References
Chapter 3: Organic Agriculture and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Carbon Dioxide
3.2.1 Fossil Fuel Combustion

3.2.2 Soil Carbon Dioxide Emissions
3.3 Methane
3.3.1 Soil Methane Fluxes
3.3.2 Methane Emissions from Livestock Production
3.3.3 Methane Emissions from Biomass Burning
3.4 Nitrous Oxide
3.4.1 Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions
3.4.2 Nitrous Oxide Emissions by Livestock Production Systems
3.5 The Hidden Carbon Cost of Organic Agriculture Practices
3.6 Conclusions
3.7 Review Questions
References
Chapter 4: Biogeophysical and Biogeochemical Climate Effects of Organic Agriculture
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Surface Albedo
4.3 Land Energy Balance

4.4 Soil Temperature
4.5 Evapotranspiration
4.6 Soil Moisture Regime
4.7 Soil Erodibility and Erosion
4.8 Surface Roughness
4.9 Land-Derived Aerosols
4.10 Conclusions
4.11 Review Questions
References
Chapter 5: Combining Conventional and Organic Practices to Reduce Climate Impacts of Agriculture
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nitrogen Fertilization
5.3 Soil Health
5.4 Integrated Farming
5.5 Conventionalization of Organic Agriculture
5.6 Regenerative Agriculture
5.7 Agroecology
5.8 Nexus Approach
5.9 Conclusions
5.10 Review Questions
References

Chapter 6: Challenges and Opportunities for the Global Food System
6.1 Population Growth and Food Production
6.2 Urbanization and Food
6.3 Future Research and Developments
6.4 Conclusions
6.5 Review Questions
References