Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Optical Microscopy Applied to Forensics
1.1 Stereoscopic Microscope: Instrumentation and Analysis Procedures
1.1.1 Magnification
1.1.2 Lighting System
1.1.3 Diagnostic Characteristics for the Study of Various Materials
1.2 Polarized Light Microscope: Instrumentation and Analysis Procedures
1.2.1 Sample Preparation
1.2.2 Different Light Arrangements and Optical Diagnostic Characteristics of Anisotropic Materials
1.2.3 Semi-quantitative Analysis
1.3 Applications of Optical Microscopy to Forensic Sciences
1.3.1 Minerals and Rocks
1.3.2 Pedological Materials
1.3.2.1 Diagnostic Physical Characteristics for the Study of Soil Particles
1.3.2.2 Organic and Anthropogenic Fragments in Forensic Soil
1.3.3 Precious Stones and Gems
1.3.4 Precious Metals
1.3.5 Building Materials
References
Chapter 2: X-ray Diffractometry in Forensic Science
2.1 X-Rays: Characteristics, Production, Analytical Procedures
2.2 X-Ray Diffraction
2.3 Collecting and Analyzing Data
2.4 Phase Identification
2.5 Sample Preparation: Good and Bad Practices
2.6 Preferred Orientation in Clay Minerals
2.7 Quantitative Analysis
2.7.1 Full-Pattern Fitting/Rietveld Method
2.8 Environmental Crimes: Evaluation of the Presence of Asbestos Minerals in Massive Samples
2.9 Cultural Heritage Crimes: Identification of the Geological Provenance of Geoarchaeological Materials
2.10 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 3: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in Forensic Geoscience
3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2 The Signals of an SEM
3.3 The Structure of an SEM
3.4 Electron Microanalysis
3.5 Specimen Preparation
3.6 Automated Mineralogy
3.7 Applications of SEM in Forensic Geoscience
3.7.1 Applications of Manual Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis
3.7.2 Applications of Automated Mineralogy
References
Chapter 4: Infrared Spectroscopy and Application to Forensics
4.1 Theoretical Background
4.1.1 The Infrared (IR) Radiation
4.1.2 The Absorption of IR Radiation
4.1.3 The Harmonic Oscillator Model
4.1.4 Transition Moment and General Selection Rule in IR Spectroscopy
4.1.5 The Normal Vibration Modes of Molecules
4.1.6 Transmittance, Absorbance and Beer-Lambert's Law
4.1.7 The IR Spectrum: Position, Intensity and Shape of Absorption Bands
4.1.8 Features of the IR Spectrum and Their Interpretation
4.2 Instruments and Methodologies
4.2.1 Analysis in Reflectance
4.2.2 Quantitative Analysis
4.2.3 FTIR Microscopy and Imaging
4.3 Sample Preparation
4.3.1 Powders
4.3.2 Single Crystals, Doubly Polished Slabs
4.4 Applications in Forensics
4.4.1 Fingerprinting
4.4.2 Qualitative Analysis of Discrete Features in the Spectral Signal
4.4.3 Quantitative Analysis
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Optical Microscopy Applied to Forensics
1.1 Stereoscopic Microscope: Instrumentation and Analysis Procedures
1.1.1 Magnification
1.1.2 Lighting System
1.1.3 Diagnostic Characteristics for the Study of Various Materials
1.2 Polarized Light Microscope: Instrumentation and Analysis Procedures
1.2.1 Sample Preparation
1.2.2 Different Light Arrangements and Optical Diagnostic Characteristics of Anisotropic Materials
1.2.3 Semi-quantitative Analysis
1.3 Applications of Optical Microscopy to Forensic Sciences
1.3.1 Minerals and Rocks
1.3.2 Pedological Materials
1.3.2.1 Diagnostic Physical Characteristics for the Study of Soil Particles
1.3.2.2 Organic and Anthropogenic Fragments in Forensic Soil
1.3.3 Precious Stones and Gems
1.3.4 Precious Metals
1.3.5 Building Materials
References
Chapter 2: X-ray Diffractometry in Forensic Science
2.1 X-Rays: Characteristics, Production, Analytical Procedures
2.2 X-Ray Diffraction
2.3 Collecting and Analyzing Data
2.4 Phase Identification
2.5 Sample Preparation: Good and Bad Practices
2.6 Preferred Orientation in Clay Minerals
2.7 Quantitative Analysis
2.7.1 Full-Pattern Fitting/Rietveld Method
2.8 Environmental Crimes: Evaluation of the Presence of Asbestos Minerals in Massive Samples
2.9 Cultural Heritage Crimes: Identification of the Geological Provenance of Geoarchaeological Materials
2.10 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 3: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in Forensic Geoscience
3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2 The Signals of an SEM
3.3 The Structure of an SEM
3.4 Electron Microanalysis
3.5 Specimen Preparation
3.6 Automated Mineralogy
3.7 Applications of SEM in Forensic Geoscience
3.7.1 Applications of Manual Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis
3.7.2 Applications of Automated Mineralogy
References
Chapter 4: Infrared Spectroscopy and Application to Forensics
4.1 Theoretical Background
4.1.1 The Infrared (IR) Radiation
4.1.2 The Absorption of IR Radiation
4.1.3 The Harmonic Oscillator Model
4.1.4 Transition Moment and General Selection Rule in IR Spectroscopy
4.1.5 The Normal Vibration Modes of Molecules
4.1.6 Transmittance, Absorbance and Beer-Lambert's Law
4.1.7 The IR Spectrum: Position, Intensity and Shape of Absorption Bands
4.1.8 Features of the IR Spectrum and Their Interpretation
4.2 Instruments and Methodologies
4.2.1 Analysis in Reflectance
4.2.2 Quantitative Analysis
4.2.3 FTIR Microscopy and Imaging
4.3 Sample Preparation
4.3.1 Powders
4.3.2 Single Crystals, Doubly Polished Slabs
4.4 Applications in Forensics
4.4.1 Fingerprinting
4.4.2 Qualitative Analysis of Discrete Features in the Spectral Signal
4.4.3 Quantitative Analysis