Intro
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Algae Biofuel Production
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Microalgal Species for Producing Biofuels
1.3 Promising Microalgal Species and High-Value Applications
1.3.1 Spirulina
1.3.2 Chlorella
1.3.3 Dunaliella
1.3.4 Haematococcus pluvialis
1.4 Microalgae
1.5 Macroalgae
1.6 Chemical Composition
1.7 Laminarian
1.8 Algal Biofuel Production
1.9 The Second-Generation Feedstock
1.10 Heterologous Synthesis of Hydrocarbons

1.11 Production of Microalgae-Biofuels with Nano-Additives
1.12 Nano-Additives for Microalgae Biomass Conversion to Biofuels
1.13 Genetically Engineered Algae for Biofuels
1.14 Algal Biorefinery Products
1.15 Microalgae Biofuel Engineering
1.16 In Microalgae: ``The Synthetic Biology ́́
1.17 ``Bio-bricks ́́or Circuits as the Synthetic Elements
1.18 Single-Cell Protein
1.19 Strategies to Improve the Yield of Microalgal Biomass and Lipids for Biofuel Feedstock
1.19.1 Improvement of Microalgal Strains for Biofuel Production

1.19.2 Manipulation of Nutrients with Environmental Factors
1.19.3 Nutrient Stress
1.19.4 Light Intensity and Wavelength
1.19.5 Temperature Fluctuations
1.19.6 Addition of Phytohormones
1.19.7 Metabolic and Genetic Engineering
1.19.8 Photosynthetic Efficiency
1.20 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: The Use of Omics Technologies, Random Mutagenesis, and Genetic Transformation Techniques to Improve Algae for Biodi...
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Algal Omics
2.2.1 Genomics
2.2.1.1 Application of Genomics in the Improvement of Algal Lipid Biosynthesis

2.2.2 Transcriptomics
2.2.2.1 Application of Transcriptomics in the Improvement of Algal Lipid Biosynthesis
2.2.3 Proteomics
2.2.3.1 Application of Proteomics in the Improvement of Algal Lipid Biosynthesis
2.3 Random Mutagenesis
2.3.1 Application of Random Mutagenesis in the Improvement of Algal Lipid Biosynthesis
2.4 Transformation
2.4.1 Application of Transformation in the Improvement of Algal Lipid Biosynthesis
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Algal Butanol Production: Recent Developments
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Butanol
3.3 Algae

3.4 Algal Bloom and Cultivation
3.5 Butanol Production
3.5.1 Route of Biochemical Production
3.5.1.1 Metabolism
3.5.2 Chemistry-Based Production of n-Butanol with Ethanol as the Starting Material
3.5.2.1 Utilization of Ethanol to Produce n-Butanol Follows a Reaction Process
3.6 The Utilization of Algae as a Sustainable Biofuel Producing Source
3.7 Role of Algae in Production of Butanol
3.8 Improvements in Algal Butanol Synthesis in Current Years
3.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 4: Algal Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Applications in Bioenergy