Intro
Organization and Committees
Preface
Contents
Information Spreading in Social Media
Cognitive Cascades within Media Ecosystems: Simulating Fragmentation, Selective Exposure and Media Tactics to Investigate Polarization
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Media Ecosystem
2.2 Opinion Diffusion Models
3 Static Media Ecosystem Model
3.1 Review of Cognitive Cascade Model
3.2 Extension to Model the Media Ecosystem
4 Experiments
4.1 Institutional Belief Distributions
4.2 Media Messaging Patterns
4.3 Graph topologies and homophily

4.4 Parameters of Fragmentation and Selective Exposure
4.5 Measures of Polarization
5 Results
5.1 Fragmentation and Exposure do not Cause Polarization
5.2 Most Appeals that Adjust to Subscriber Beliefs Fail to Polarize
6 Discussion
References
Properties of Reddit News Topical Interactions
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Experimental Setup
4 Results
4.1 Overview of the Experiments
4.2 Quantifying Interactions
5 Conclusion
References
Will You Take the Knee? Italian Twitter Echo Chambers' Genesis During EURO 2020
1 Introduction

2 EURO 2020: Beyond the Sportive Event
3 The Online Debate: Will You Take the Knee?
4 Echo Chambers: From Global to Local
5 Conclusions
References
A Simple Model of Knowledge Scaffolding
1 Introduction
2 The Model
3 Numerical Results
4 Markov Birth-Death Approach
5 Conclusions
References
Using Knowledge Graphs to Detect Partisanship in Online Political Discourse
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Data
3 Methods
3.1 Knowledge Graph Generation
3.2 Training Embeddings
3.3 Detecting Partisanship
3.4 Evaluation
4 Results
5 Discussion

6 Appendix
6.1 Key Terms
6.2 Relation Types
References
The wisdom_of_crowds: An Efficient, Philosophically-Validated, Social Epistemological Network Profiling Toolkit
1 Introduction
2 Background and Methods
2.1 Core Concepts
2.2 Sullivan et al. (2020)'s Operationalizations
2.3 Caveats and Considerations
2.4 Our Re-implementation
3 Experimental Results
3.1 Efficiency Tests
3.2 Application on Social Network Data: BLM on Twitter
3.3 Application on Communication Network Data: email-Eu-core
4 Discussion and Conclusion
References

Opening up Echo Chambers via Optimal Content Recommendation
1 Introduction
2 Related Literature
3 Problem Statement
3.1 Dataset
3.2 Echo Chambers
3.3 Promoting Content Diversity
4 Theoretical Model
4.1 Introducing Opinions
4.2 Comparison with Empirical Results
5 Maximising Content Diversity
6 Results
7 Conclusion
References
Change My Mind: Data Driven Estimate of Open-Mindedness from Political Discussions
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Analyzing the Political Debate Online
4 Political Leaning: Stability and Open-Mindedness
5 Conclusions