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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1: The History of Liver Transplantation in India
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 Step I: Public Education
1.4 Step 2: Changing the Law
1.5 Step 3: The Initial Procedures
1.6 Step 4: Sustainable Programmes
1.6.1 Numbers
1.6.2 Statewise Distribution
1.6.3 The Situation in 2020
1.7 India Vs the World
1.8 Concerns
1.9 Recommendations
1.10 Conclusions
Part I: Basics Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Liver Disease
2: Physiological Role of Liver and Interpreting Liver Function Tests
2.1 Gross Anatomy of the Liver
2.1.1 Hepatic Blood Flow Regulation
2.2 Cellular Anatomy of the Liver
2.2.1 Models of Liver Microanatomy
2.3 Liver, the Immunological Gateway
2.3.1 Innate and Adaptive Immunity
2.3.2 Immune Tolerance
2.4 Hepatic Drug Metabolism
2.4.1 First Pass Effect
2.4.2 Phases of Drug Metabolism
2.4.3 Drug Extraction Ratio
2.5 Energy Metabolism
2.5.1 Glucose Homeostasis
2.5.2 Nitrogen Metabolism
2.5.3 Fatty Acid Metabolism
2.6 Role of the Liver in Coagulation
2.7 Hepatic Endocrine Function
2.8 Chronic Liver Disease
2.9 Interpreting Liver Function Tests
2.10 Tests Detecting Hepatocyte Injury
2.10.1 Serum Aminotransferases
2.10.2 AST to ALT Ratio
2.10.3 Lactate Dehydrogenase
2.11 Tests Detecting Injury to Bile Ducts
2.11.1 Alkaline Phosphatase
2.12 5'-Nucleotidase
2.13 Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase
2.14 Tests Assessing Biliary Organic Anion Transport
2.14.1 Serum Bilirubin
2.15 Tests Measure Hepatic Synthetic Capacity
2.15.1 Serum Proteins
2.16 Prothrombin Time and International Normalized Ratio
2.17 Tests Measuring Blood Flow and Metabolic Capacity of Liver
2.18 Pattern of Liver Test Abnormalities
2.19 Monitoring Liver Transplant
References
3: Surgical Anatomy of the Liver
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Ligaments of the Liver (Fig. 3.1)
3.2.1 Ligamentum Venosum (Arantius Ligament)
3.3 Lobar and Segmental Anatomy of the Liver
3.3.1 Functional Surgical Anatomy of the Liver
3.3.2 Bismuth's Liver Segmentation
3.4 Caudate Lobe
3.4.1 Hepatocaval Ligament (Makuuchi Ligament)
3.4.2 Riedel Lobe (Fig. 3.8)
3.5 Hepatic Veins (Venous Outflow)
3.5.1 Right Inferior Hepatic Veins: RIHV (Fig. 3.11)
3.5.2 Inferior Phrenic Veins
3.6 Anatomical Relations Around the Hilum
3.6.1 Extrahepatic and Intrahepatic Vasculature
3.7 Portal Vein
3.8 Hepatic Artery
3.9 Biliary Anatomy
3.9.1 Intrahepatic Bile Duct Anatomy
3.9.2 The Right Hepatic Duct
3.9.3 The Left Hepatic Duct
3.9.4 Extrahepatic Biliary Anatomy
3.9.5 Biliary Ductal Anomalies
3.9.6 Bile Duct Blood Supply
3.10 Gallbladder and Cystic Duct
3.10.1 The Calot's Triangle (Fig. 3.19)
References
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1: The History of Liver Transplantation in India
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 Step I: Public Education
1.4 Step 2: Changing the Law
1.5 Step 3: The Initial Procedures
1.6 Step 4: Sustainable Programmes
1.6.1 Numbers
1.6.2 Statewise Distribution
1.6.3 The Situation in 2020
1.7 India Vs the World
1.8 Concerns
1.9 Recommendations
1.10 Conclusions
Part I: Basics Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Liver Disease
2: Physiological Role of Liver and Interpreting Liver Function Tests
2.1 Gross Anatomy of the Liver
2.1.1 Hepatic Blood Flow Regulation
2.2 Cellular Anatomy of the Liver
2.2.1 Models of Liver Microanatomy
2.3 Liver, the Immunological Gateway
2.3.1 Innate and Adaptive Immunity
2.3.2 Immune Tolerance
2.4 Hepatic Drug Metabolism
2.4.1 First Pass Effect
2.4.2 Phases of Drug Metabolism
2.4.3 Drug Extraction Ratio
2.5 Energy Metabolism
2.5.1 Glucose Homeostasis
2.5.2 Nitrogen Metabolism
2.5.3 Fatty Acid Metabolism
2.6 Role of the Liver in Coagulation
2.7 Hepatic Endocrine Function
2.8 Chronic Liver Disease
2.9 Interpreting Liver Function Tests
2.10 Tests Detecting Hepatocyte Injury
2.10.1 Serum Aminotransferases
2.10.2 AST to ALT Ratio
2.10.3 Lactate Dehydrogenase
2.11 Tests Detecting Injury to Bile Ducts
2.11.1 Alkaline Phosphatase
2.12 5'-Nucleotidase
2.13 Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase
2.14 Tests Assessing Biliary Organic Anion Transport
2.14.1 Serum Bilirubin
2.15 Tests Measure Hepatic Synthetic Capacity
2.15.1 Serum Proteins
2.16 Prothrombin Time and International Normalized Ratio
2.17 Tests Measuring Blood Flow and Metabolic Capacity of Liver
2.18 Pattern of Liver Test Abnormalities
2.19 Monitoring Liver Transplant
References
3: Surgical Anatomy of the Liver
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Ligaments of the Liver (Fig. 3.1)
3.2.1 Ligamentum Venosum (Arantius Ligament)
3.3 Lobar and Segmental Anatomy of the Liver
3.3.1 Functional Surgical Anatomy of the Liver
3.3.2 Bismuth's Liver Segmentation
3.4 Caudate Lobe
3.4.1 Hepatocaval Ligament (Makuuchi Ligament)
3.4.2 Riedel Lobe (Fig. 3.8)
3.5 Hepatic Veins (Venous Outflow)
3.5.1 Right Inferior Hepatic Veins: RIHV (Fig. 3.11)
3.5.2 Inferior Phrenic Veins
3.6 Anatomical Relations Around the Hilum
3.6.1 Extrahepatic and Intrahepatic Vasculature
3.7 Portal Vein
3.8 Hepatic Artery
3.9 Biliary Anatomy
3.9.1 Intrahepatic Bile Duct Anatomy
3.9.2 The Right Hepatic Duct
3.9.3 The Left Hepatic Duct
3.9.4 Extrahepatic Biliary Anatomy
3.9.5 Biliary Ductal Anomalies
3.9.6 Bile Duct Blood Supply
3.10 Gallbladder and Cystic Duct
3.10.1 The Calot's Triangle (Fig. 3.19)
References