Intro
Preface
List of Reviewers
Contents
Natural Language Processing and Design
Extracting Information for Creating SAPPhIRE Model of Causality from Natural Language Descriptions
Introduction
Design Creativity and Design by Analogy
Support for Design by Analogy
Structured Representation from a Natural Language Description
Research Questions and Research Methodology
Opportunities for Research
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Intercoder Reliability Study
Goals of the Study
Study Procedure

Samples Used in the Intercoder Reliability Study and Results
Proposed Process
Process Descriptions
Process Validation
Developer Testing
User Validation of the New Process
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Recognizing the Structure of Biological Designs in Text Documents
Introduction
Related Research
Intelligent Biologically Inspired Design
Structure Recognition in IBID
Positive Example of IBID's Structure Recognition
Negative Examples of IBID's Structure Recognition
Experimentation and Results
Comparing IBID's Results and the Humans' Results

Adjusting for Sources of Discrepancies via Adjusting the Ontology and Relaxation of Matching Criteria
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Generative Design Ideation: A Natural Language Generation Approach
Background
Computer-Aided Design Ideation
Pre-trained Language Model
Aim
Significance
Method
Case Study and Results
Discussion and Future Work
References
The ABC (Affordance-Bias-Cognition) Reasoning of Product-Use Interaction: A Text Mining Approach
Introduction
Background
Product-Use Interaction from a Cognitive Perspective

Text Mining Approaches to Analyze Design Artifacts
Theoretical Framework
Data and Methodology
Results
Discussion
Limitations and Future Developments
Conclusions
References
Design Progress Dashboard: Visualising a Quantitative Divergent/Convergent Pattern of Design Team Progress Through Natural Language Processing
Introduction
Related Works
Reframing a Design Problem
The Importance of Divergence and Convergence in Design
Design Process Across Products, Systems & Services
Opportunity of Adopting NLP in Design Documentations
Research Methodology

Corpus Setup
Data Collection
Data Cleaning Using NLP
Data Processing
Data Visualisation
Results and Discussion
Data Visualisation Framework
Individual, Team and Class Representation
Final Peer Assessment
Case Study
Conclusion
Limitations
Future Work
References
TechNet 2.0: Expanding Technology Semantic Network with Qualitative Relations to Enhance Reasoning Capabilities
Introduction
Merging TechNet and EKG
TechNet 2.0: New Reasoning Capabilities
Discussions and Outlook
References
Design Cognition-1