Intro
Foreword
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction: Environmental Pollution and Biotechnological Solutions
References
Chapter 2: Bioremediation Using Microalgae and Cyanobacteria and Biomass Valorisation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Brief History
2.3 Microalgae Bioremediation: An Effective Approach Towards Environment Restoration
2.3.1 Application of Microalgae in CO2 Mitigation
2.3.2 Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment
2.4 Microalgae Biomass: Valorisation within a Biorefinery Concept
2.4.1 Upstream Production Systems
2.4.1.1 Open Systems

2.4.1.2 Closed Systems
2.4.2 Downstream Processing
2.4.2.1 Production of High-Value Products and Applications
2.5 Legislation Framework and Regulations/Policy and Legal Framework
References
Chapter 3: Removal of Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants by Marine Microalgae
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Marine Microalgae-An Overview
3.3 Pollution in the Marine Environment-Sources of Heavy Metals and Organics
3.4 Removal of Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants by Marine Microalgae
3.4.1 Removal of Heavy Metals by Marine Microalgae
3.4.1.1 Biosorption of Metals

3.4.1.2 Factors Influencing Biosorption of Heavy Metals
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
3.4.1.3 Desorption of Heavy Metals and Biomass Regeneration
3.4.1.4 Heavy Metal Detoxification by Marine Microalgae
3.4.2 Removal of Organic Pollutants by Marine Microalgae
3.4.2.1 Pesticides
3.4.2.2 Hydrocarbons
3.4.2.3 Other Organic Compounds
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Algal-Bacterial Consortiums, from Fundamental Interactions to Environmental Applications
4.1 Microalgae Biomass Culture
4.2 Evolution of Microalgae and Bacteria

4.3 Ecological Interactions Between Organisms
4.4 Environmental Applications of the Microalgae-Bacteria Consortia
4.5 Communities in the Phycosphere
4.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Biodegradation of Environmental Pollutants by Marine Yeasts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants by Yeast
5.3 Yeast Enzymes Implications in the Biodegradation of Synthetic Dyes
5.4 Factors Controlling Mycoremediation Performance
5.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Sustainable Direct Digital Manufacturing Using Marine Resources

6.1 The Use of Fish Waste as 3D Printed Biomaterials
6.1.1 Biomaterials from Fish Waste
6.1.1.1 Calcium Carbonate
6.1.1.2 Chitin and its Derivatives
6.1.1.3 Collagen and Gelatin
6.2 Direct Digital Manufacturing: General Overview
6.2.1 DDM for Biopolymers Production
6.2.1.1 Fused Filament Fabrication
6.2.1.2 Direct-Ink Writing
6.2.1.3 Inkjet 3D Printing
6.2.1.4 Stereolithography
6.3 Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 7: Exploiting Marine Fungi in the Removal of Hazardous Pollutants and Biomass Valorisation
7.1 Introduction