Introduction
References
Cyber Threats and the Security Risks They Pose to National Security: An Assessment of Cybersecurity Policy in the United Kingdom
Abstract
Introduction
The Most Prevalent Cyber Threats
The UK Cyber Landscape
How Cyber Threats Are Identified in the UK Threats
Types of Cyber-Attacks
The UK Cybersecurity Policies and Practices Cybersecurity in Government Policies and Strategies
Current Policies, Strategies, and Practices
National Cyber Security Centre
Active Cyber Defence Programme
National Cyber Security Strategy 2022-2030
Recommendations
Criticisms of the NCSC and Recommendations
Criticisms of the ACD and Recommendations
Criticisms of the NCSS 2022-2030 and Recommendations
Recommendations for the Governments Role
Discussion and Conclusion- Key Findings
Limitations of the Chapter
Concluding Remarks
References
Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in National Security: Applications and Issues
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Definitions
National and Domestic Security
Definition of Artificial Intelligence
The Internet of Things
The Internet of Things Forensics
AI and IoT in National and Domestic Security
The Role of AI and IoT in Digital Security
AI for Protecting IoT Devices against Hacking
The Malicious Use of AI to Hack IoT Devices
The Use of AI in the Military to Hack IoT Devices. - The Use of AI by Institutions to Safeguard Citizens
AI and IoT in Political Security
Deepfake and Mis- and Disinformation
AI and the Formation of Filter Bubbles
AI and Online Content Moderation
AI and IoT in Physical Security
Augmented Intelligence Analysis
Military Weaponisation of AI and the IoT
Privacy Implications of AI Algorithms
Impacts of AI Algorithms on User Privacy
Legal Frameworks for Privacy Relating AI Algorithms
Potential Solutions for Privacy Implications
Conclusion
References
Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things
Forensics in a National Security Context
Abstract
Introduction
AI Techniques in Automating Tasks of IoT Forensics
A Brief Summary of IoT Forensics from Chapter 3
Types of AI Techniques Relevant to IoT Forensics
Natural Language Processing
Machine Learning
Machine Learning and Anomaly Detection
Machine Learning and Detection of Steganography
Machine Learning and Detection of Steganography
Sources and Detection of Algorithmic Bias
Algorithmic Bias
Sources of Algorithmic Bias
Algorithmic Transparency and Military AI
Recommendations
Recommendations for Detecting Algorithmic Bias
Recommendation for Algorithmic Transparency in Military AI Applications
Conclusion
References
The Application of Big Data Predictive Analytics and Surveillance Technologies in the Field of Policing
Abstract
Introduction
Key Concepts and History of AI- Predictive Policing
History of AI
Facial Recognition Technology
3D Facial Recognition
Machine Learning
Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Reinforcement Learning
Support Vector Machine
Natural Language Processing
Big Data
RQ 1: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement I
Big Data Predictive Analytics
PredPol
CompStat
Person-Based Forecasting
Innovative Surveillance Technology
Hard and Soft Technology
Closed-Circuit Television
Facial Recognition Technology
Body-Worn Cameras
Social Media
RQ 2: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement II
ML and Data Mining in Policing
Police Discrimination and Big Data
DNA Databases and Big Data
Recommendations
Accountability and Transparency
Bias in ML Algorithms
Conclusion
References
The Potential Impacts of the National Security Uses of Big Data Predictive Analytics on Human Rights
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Big Data Predictive Analytics
The Application of Predictive Policing
Civil Liberties and National Security
RQ 1: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement I
Civil Liberties and National Security
Chilling Effect, Privacy Rights and Freedom of Speech
The Fourth Amendment and Stop and Search
Striking a Smart Balance
RQ 2: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement II
Overpolicing of Certain Areas
Focus on Crimes of the Poor
System Avoidance
Recommendations
Conclusion
References
National Artificial Intelligence Strategies: A Comparison of the UK, EU and US Approaches with Those Adopted by State Adversaries
Abstract
Introduction
AI Strategies of the UK, EU and US
The UK AI Strategy
The EU AI Strategy
AI Strategies of Russia and China
The Chinese AI Strategy
The Russian AI Strategy
Shortcomings and Recommendations
Shortcomings of the UK AI Strategy
Shortcomings of the EU AI Strategy
Shortcomings of the US AI Strategy
Shortcomings of the Chinese AI Strategy
Shortcomings of the Russian AI Strategy
Conclusion
References. .