Intro
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Submerged Part of the Iceberg
1 Ceci n'est pas la laïcité française (This Is Not French Secularism)
2 French Secularism as a Multiplex Phenomenon
3 Secularism as a Heritage
4 Outline of the Book
References
Part I: Theoretical and Legal Framework
Chapter 2: Multisecularism
1 Options for French Secularism
1.1 Nationalist Secularism
1.2 A Dynamic Understanding of Secularism
2 The Multiplicity of French Secularisms
2.1 Secularism and Its Fundamental Principles

2.2 Secularism: A Polysemic Term with Polymorphic Manifestations
2.2.1 Polysemy of the Term "Secularism"
2.2.2 Secularism in Three Dimensions
The Temporal Dimension
The Spatial Dimension
The Material Dimension
2.2.3 Models of Secularism
References
Chapter 3: The Legal Framework for Secularism
1 The Sources of Domestic Law
1.1 Regulatory and Legislative Sources
1.2 Constitutional Sources
1.3 Legal Scope of the Constitutive Principles of Secularism
1.4 The Role of the Courts
2 International Sources
References

Part II: Churches, Religion and the Secular State
Chapter 4: Defining Religion: A Secular Paradox
1 Churches, Religions, and Associations of Worship
1.1 Religions
1.2 Associations of Worship
1.2.1 Is There True Equality?
1.2.2 New Restrictions on Associations of Worship
2 "Cults" and "Pseudo-Religions"
2.1 Identifying Cults
2.2 Fighting Cults
3 Religion, Culture, and Heritage
3.1 The Legal Secularization of Christian Symbols
3.2 The Judicial Secularization of Christian Symbols
3.2.1 The Culture and Heritage Exception

3.2.2 Religion or Culture? The Nativity Scene, a "Hybrid Object"
4 The State and the "Principal Spiritual Families"
References
Chapter 5: "Praying Together": A Secular Challenge?
1 Churches, Temples, Synagogues, and Mosques: Who Pays?
1.1 An Inegalitarian Regime
1.2 The Arduous Path toward Equality
2 Prayers, Rituals, and Chaplaincies in the Public Administration
2.1 The Example of the Army
2.2 The Example of Prisons
References
Part III: The Secular State and the Individual Believer

Chapter 6: Unveiling Marianne: Religious Symbols at School and the New Secular Grammar
1 The Authorization Regime (1989-2004)
1.1 The Liberal Bent of Legal Secularism
1.2 Narrative Secularism and Semantic Wrangling
2 Prohibition (2004 to Date)
2.1 Narrative Secularism: Toward a Committed "New Secularism"
2.1.1 The Baroin, Stasi, and Debré Reports
2.1.2 The Parliamentary Debates
2.2 Legal Secularism: The "New Secularism" Takes Root in Law
2.2.1 The Act of 2004
2.2.2 Expansive Interpretations of the Law
2.2.3 A New Configuration for School Secularism
References