Enslaved persons

nne Slaves

LC database, July 21, 2011 (the enslaved)
Merriam-Webster unabridged, via WWW, July 21, 2011 (enslave 1 : to reduce to slavery : make a slave of <free peasants reduced to serfdom or enslaved>)
Enslaved people in Canada, 2019: page 2 (juvenile literature on slavery in Canada)
Enslaved peoples of the historical slave trade, 2020- (digital collection of records and datasets on the lives of individuals who were enslaved, participated in the historic trade, or worked to free them) https://enslaved.org/
George Mason University website, viewed March 4, 2022: Enslaved Children of George Mason project About page (the project reconstructs the lives of enslaved children and adults on Gunston Hall Plantation; project researchers used the term 'enslaved' (individual, person, etc.), because the noun 'slave' puts the focus on the individuals' low status while the adjective 'enslaved' signals that they are complex beings defined by more than the bondage and low social and legal status imposed on them) Enslaved People of George Mason Project page (a student-led project reconstructing the stories of people who were enslaved on Mason's plantation; includes links to the Enslaved Children of George Mason project and resources related to the campus' new Enslaved People of George Mason Memorial) https://www.gmu.edu/
Mount Vernon website, viewed March 4, 2022 (includes an Enslaved People of Mount Vernon Tour and a Database of Mount Vernon's Enslaved Community) https://www.mountvernon.org/
Underground Railroad Education Center website, viewed August 22, 2021: the vocabulary of freedom page (the word 'slave' denies the humanity of the enslaved person while 'enslaved person' recognizes that their enslaved state is imposed on them and not inherent to their identity as a human) https://undergroundrailroadhistory.org/the-vocabulary-of-freedom/
Teaching Hard History, 2018: page 23 (study on teaching American slavery by the Southern Poverty Law Center shows that 49% of teachers use 'enslaved persons,' a term that emphasizes the humanity of enslaved people) https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/tt_hard_history_american_slavery.pdf
Telling the story, 2021 (most historians now refer to 'enslaved people' rather than 'slaves' to separate the person's identity from their circumstance) https://www.buffalolib.org/sites/default/files/exhibit/pdf/Vocab%20&%20Key%20Concepts%20-%20mc.pdf
"Why Grammarly's new suggestions for writing about slavery were always going to miss the mark," Slate, February 8, 2022 (since January 18, 2022, Grammarly Premium, a popular writing-assistant app, began suggesting substitutions for words relating to slavery in response to user research and input from subject specialists on race and ethnicity; the writer acknowledges that the issue is complex for some terms but thinks that the suggested substitution of 'enslaved person' for 'slave' is the most widely practiced and natural) https://www.tigerdroppings.com/rant/o-t-lounge/grammarlys-new-suggestions/101200192/
"Language matters," Chicago tribune, Sept. 6, 2010 (subtitle: "The shift from 'slave' to 'enslaved person' may be difficult, but it's important"; points out that a recent article published in The New York Times studiously avoided the word 'slaves' in favor of variations of 'enslaved'; acknowledges the arguments for and against such changes but concludes that while shifts in terminology may initially seem forced and awkward, adopting new terminology is the first step in transformation of language; equates it to the initial negative reaction to 'African Americans' which is now widely accepted) https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/eric-zorn/ct-column-slave-enslaved-language-people-first-debate-zorn-20190906-audknctayrarfijimpz6uk7hvy-story.html

Heading changed from Slaves to Enslaved persons in March 2023.