Preface / by Vicki de Klerk-Rubin
Prologue. Florence Trew 1872-1963 : "I died" / by Naomi Feil
Aging, development, and Alzheimer's disease
The concept and techniques of validation
Using validation with people who are mostly oriented in phase one
Using validation with people who are in phase two
Using validation with people who are in phase three
Using validation with people who are in phase four
Using validation with young-old people living with Alzheimer's disease
Who benefits from validation?
How validation differs from other methods used with old-old people
Communicating with people who are mostly oriented in phase one
Communicating with people who are living in a personal reality
Communicating with people who express themselves mostly through movements and sounds
Communicating with disoriented people living in the community
Validating family members
Group validation
Case studies from different care settings.