Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Endorsements
Title page
Contents
List of exercises
Preface
Introduction
1 A Brief History of Media and Media Manipulation
The origins of human communication
Numbers and writing
Oral transmission of news
Information in print
Electronic communication
Advertising
Spread of misinformation
2 The Psychology of Memory and Learning
Storing and processing information
Confirmation bias
Transfer of learning
Comprehension
Making learning and memory work for us
Corrections
Cross-cultural difference
Expertise
Conclusion
3 The Internet, Technology and the Media
The rise of the internet
Technology
Search engines
Social media
Trending
The media
EXERCISE 3.1: MAINSTREAM NEWS VERSUS ENTERTAINMENT NEWS
EXERCISE 3.2: EVALUATION OF NEWS SOURCES
EXERCISE 3.3: SOCIAL MEDIA AND PUBLIC OPINION
EXERCISE 3.4: SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE NEWS
EXERCISE 3.5: FINDING DELETED TWEETS
EXERCISE 3.6: EVALUATING IMAGE-ONLY TWEETS
EXERCISE 3.7: PAGE TRANSPARENCY ON FACEBOOK
EXERCISE 3.8: SOCIAL MEDIA SETTINGS AND SAFETY
4 Selecting Sources of Information
Opening up the world of information
Algorithms
Social media
Trust and reputation
Data deficits
Selecting sources
Alphabet soup
EXERCISE 4.1: EVALUATING WEBSITES STARTING WITH LATERAL READING
EXERCISE 4.2: COMPARING NEWS STORIES FOR BIAS AND/OR SLANT
EXERCISE 4.3: INTERNAL EVALUATION OF A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, BIAS AND AUTHORITY
EXERCISE 4.4: COMPARING SEARCH ENGINES
EXERCISE 4.5: SOURCE EVALUATION DISCUSSION
EXERCISE 4.6: WHAT IS THE BEST ICE CREAM?
EXERCISE 4.7: KEYWORD SEARCHING
EXERCISE 4.8: BOOLEAN OPERATORS
EXERCISE 4.9: EVALUATION OF SOURCES AND CREDIBILITY
EXERCISE 4.10: SPOTTING FAKE DOCUMENTARIES.
EXERCISE 4.11: CLUES TO IDENTIFYING RUMORS OR SPECULATION
EXERCISE 4.12: EYE-WITNESS REPORTS VERSUS REPORTS THAT LACK EYE-WITNESS TESTIMONY
EXERCISE 4.13: HOW TO IDENTIFY TRUSTWORTHY INFORMATION
EXERCISE 4.14: BLUFF THE LISTENER
EXERCISE 4.15: EVALUATING WEBSITES
5 Expertise, Authority and Credibility
Experts
Sharing information
Evaluating information
Authority
How can authority be evaluated?
Lateral reading
Credibility
EXERCISE 5.1: ARE YOU AN AUTHOR?
EXERCISE 5.2: WHAT IS AN EXPERT? WHY IS EXPERTISE IMPORTANT?
EXERCISE 5.3: EMPLOYER'S INFLUENCE ON INFORMATION
EXERCISE 5.4: CREDIBILITY OF AN AUTHOR
EXERCISE 5.5: EDITORIALS - FACT OR OPINION?
EXERCISE 5.6: WHO CAN PUBLISH AND WHERE?
EXERCISE 5.7: AUTHORITY MATTERS - WHAT KIND OF AUTHORITY?
EXERCISE 5.8: MEDICAL MISINFORMATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA
EXERCISE 5.9: PHOTO OBSERVATION CHALLENGE
EXERCISE 5.10: DOMAIN NAME REGISTRATION RECORDS
EXERCISE 5.11: EVALUATING SCIENTIFIC NEWS - IS IT REAL OR FAKE?
6 Language in Media Messages
Words matter
Propaganda
Satire
Advertising
Public trust in journalism
EXERCISE 6.1: WHAT IS PROPAGANDA AND HOW IS IT USED?
EXERCISE 6.2: IDENTIFY PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES IN POLITICAL SPEECH
EXERCISE 6.3: PROPAGANDA IN ADVERTISING VERSUS PROPAGANDA IN POLITICS
EXERCISE 6.4: WORDS MATTER - LANGUAGE CAN AFFECT THE EMOTIONS
EXERCISE 6.5: REMIX THE HEADLINE
EXERCISE 6.6: MEDIA MANIPULATION WITH EMOTION
EXERCISE 6.7: PROPAGANDA TACTICS IN ADVERTISING
EXERCISE 6.8: HOW TO TELL AN ADVERTISEMENT FROM A NEWS STORY
EXERCISE 6.9: DISSECTING ADVERTISEMENTS
EXERCISE 6.10: DISSECTING LOGOS
EXERCISE 6.11: DISSECTING SLOGANS
EXERCISE 6.12: NEWS VERSUS OPINION
EXERCISE 6.13: WORD SELECTION FOR NEWS COVERAGE
EXERCISE 6.14: IDENTIFYING INFLUENCERS.
7 Algorithms, Bots, Trolls, Cyborgs and Artificial Intelligence
Algorithms
Bots, trolls, cyborgs and other inauthentic activity
EXERCISE 7.1: ALGORITHM AWARENESS
EXERCISE 7.2: HOW DO ALGORITHMS HELP YOU SEARCH THE INTERNET?
EXERCISE 7.3: FACEBOOK PRIVACY BASICS
EXERCISE 7.4: FACEBOOK ADS MANAGER
EXERCISE 7.5: HOW TO IDENTIFY A BOT
EXERCISE 7.6: HOW TO IDENTIFY AND AVOID BAD BOTS
EXERCISE 7.7: HOW TO AVOID BAD APPS
EXERCISE 7.8: CAN YOU SPOT THE TROLL?
EXERCISE 7.9: HOW TO VERIFY TWEETS
EXERCISE 7.10: GETTING INFORMATION FROM TWITTER ACCOUNTS
EXERCISE 7.11: FAKE NEWS GENERATOR
8 Statistics and Data Visualization
Statistics
The Wayback Machine
Data visualization
EXERCISE 8.1: HISTORICAL DATA WITH THE WAYBACK MACHINE
EXERCISE 8.2: STATISTICS ABOUT TV CONSUMPTION
EXERCISE 8.3: WHO COLLECTED THE DATA AND HOW?
EXERCISE 8.4: FOLLOW A STATISTIC FROM A POPULAR MAGAZINE ARTICLE TO ITS SOURCE
EXERCISE 8.5: DATA VISUALIZATION WITH CHARTS AND GRAPHS
EXERCISE 8.6: CREATE A DATA VISUALIZATION
EXERCISE 8.7: USING MAPS IN DATA VISUALIZATION
EXERCISE 8.8: CREATE YOUR OWN DATA VISUALIZATION WITH A MAP
EXERCISE 8.9: TELLING FACT FROM OPINION
EXERCISE 8.10: ANALYZE POLITICAL SPEECHES
EXERCISE 8.11: FACT OR OPINION - FOX NEWS
9 Images, Reverse Image Searching and Deepfakes
Processing visuals
Images
Reverse image searching
Memes
Deepfakes
Cheapfakes, shallowfakes and dumbfakes
EXERCISE 9.1: VIDEO BASICS
EXERCISE 9.2: VISUAL VERIFICATION GUIDES FROM FIRST DRAFT
EXERCISE 9.3: VERIFYING AND QUESTIONING IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.4: REVERSE IMAGE SEARCHING WITH GOOGLE
EXERCISE 9.5: REVERSE IMAGE SEARCHING WITH TINEYE
EXERCISE 9.6: UNDERSTANDING IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.7: MATCHING CAPTIONS AND PHOTOS
EXERCISE 9.8: WHICH FACE IS REAL?.
EXERCISE 9.9: EVALUATION OF IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.10: COMPARING IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.11: USING GEOLOCATION TO HELP VERIFY AN IMAGE
EXERCISE 9.12: CHECK THE MEME
EXERCISE 9.13: INTERROGATING AN IMAGE
EXERCISE 9.14: PHOTO MANIPULATION AND HISTORY
10 Media Manipulation and Fact Checking
Evaluating information and the source of the information
Fact checking - the background
Why is there a need to fact check?
Twitter checks and cautions
Lateral reading
EXERCISE 10.1: WHERE DOES YOUR NEWS COME FROM? - PART 1
EXERCISE10.2: WHERE DOES YOUR NEWS COME FROM? - PART 2
EXERCISE 10.3: WHO IS BEHIND THIS INFORMATION? - LATERAL READING
EXERCISE 10.4: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE?
EXERCISE 10.5: FACT CHECKING IN JOURNALISM
EXERCISE 10.6: FACT CHECK LIGHTNING ROUND
EXERCISE 10.7: WHAT INFORMATION FROM ACCOUNT PROFILES DOES TWITTER PROVIDE TO THE PUBLIC? - PART 1
EXERCISE 10.8: WHAT INFORMATION FROM ACCOUNT PROFILES DOES TWITTER PROVIDE TO THE PUBLIC? - PART 2
EXERCISE 10.9: ADVANCED TWITTER - PART 1
EXERCISE 10.10: ADVANCED TWITTER - PART 2
EXERCISE 10.11: MAKING AND FINDING FAKE TWEETS
EXERCISE 10.12: FINDING DELETED TWEETS
EXERCISE 10.13: HOW TO INGEST A RESEARCH REPORT
EXERCISE 10.14: FACTS VERSUS OPINION
11 The Ethics of Likes, Clicks, Shares and Data Harvesting
Ethics
Ethics of data harvesting
Ethics of tracking
Ethics in the media
Ethics of framing
EXERCISE 11.1: CORRECTIONS IN THE NEWS
EXERCISE 11.2: CORRECTING MIS/DISINFORMATION FROM FAMILY AND FRIENDS
EXERCISE 11.3: CHANGING BEHAVIOR WITH MEDIA LITERACY
EXERCISE 11.4: CREDIBILITY IN NON-ENGLISH LANGUAGE MEDIA
EXERCISE 11.5: HOW ARE DIFFERENT CULTURAL GROUPS DEPICTED IN THE MEDIA?
EXERCISE 11.6: MEDICAL DISINFORMATION
EXERCISE 11.7: STEREOTYPES IN THE MEDIA
EXERCISE 11.8: BURST YOUR INFORMATION BUBBLE.
EXERCISE 11.9: HOW TO IDENTIFY A RUMOR
EXERCISE 11.10: VISUAL COMPONENTS IN DOCUMENTS
EXERCISE 11.11: PROTECT YOUR PRIVACY ONLINE
12 How We Can Help Ourselves
Fighting mis- and disinformation with technology
Fighting mis- and disinformation with corrections
Fighting mis- and disinformation with legislation
Fighting mis- and disinformation with psychology and education
Fighting mis- and disinformation in the classroom using games
Fighting mis- and disinformation with codes of ethics
Fighting mis- and disinformation by fighting plagiarism
Fighting mis- and disinformation with diversity
How can we help ourselves?
Conclusions
Resources.
Title page
Contents
List of exercises
Preface
Introduction
1 A Brief History of Media and Media Manipulation
The origins of human communication
Numbers and writing
Oral transmission of news
Information in print
Electronic communication
Advertising
Spread of misinformation
2 The Psychology of Memory and Learning
Storing and processing information
Confirmation bias
Transfer of learning
Comprehension
Making learning and memory work for us
Corrections
Cross-cultural difference
Expertise
Conclusion
3 The Internet, Technology and the Media
The rise of the internet
Technology
Search engines
Social media
Trending
The media
EXERCISE 3.1: MAINSTREAM NEWS VERSUS ENTERTAINMENT NEWS
EXERCISE 3.2: EVALUATION OF NEWS SOURCES
EXERCISE 3.3: SOCIAL MEDIA AND PUBLIC OPINION
EXERCISE 3.4: SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE NEWS
EXERCISE 3.5: FINDING DELETED TWEETS
EXERCISE 3.6: EVALUATING IMAGE-ONLY TWEETS
EXERCISE 3.7: PAGE TRANSPARENCY ON FACEBOOK
EXERCISE 3.8: SOCIAL MEDIA SETTINGS AND SAFETY
4 Selecting Sources of Information
Opening up the world of information
Algorithms
Social media
Trust and reputation
Data deficits
Selecting sources
Alphabet soup
EXERCISE 4.1: EVALUATING WEBSITES STARTING WITH LATERAL READING
EXERCISE 4.2: COMPARING NEWS STORIES FOR BIAS AND/OR SLANT
EXERCISE 4.3: INTERNAL EVALUATION OF A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, BIAS AND AUTHORITY
EXERCISE 4.4: COMPARING SEARCH ENGINES
EXERCISE 4.5: SOURCE EVALUATION DISCUSSION
EXERCISE 4.6: WHAT IS THE BEST ICE CREAM?
EXERCISE 4.7: KEYWORD SEARCHING
EXERCISE 4.8: BOOLEAN OPERATORS
EXERCISE 4.9: EVALUATION OF SOURCES AND CREDIBILITY
EXERCISE 4.10: SPOTTING FAKE DOCUMENTARIES.
EXERCISE 4.11: CLUES TO IDENTIFYING RUMORS OR SPECULATION
EXERCISE 4.12: EYE-WITNESS REPORTS VERSUS REPORTS THAT LACK EYE-WITNESS TESTIMONY
EXERCISE 4.13: HOW TO IDENTIFY TRUSTWORTHY INFORMATION
EXERCISE 4.14: BLUFF THE LISTENER
EXERCISE 4.15: EVALUATING WEBSITES
5 Expertise, Authority and Credibility
Experts
Sharing information
Evaluating information
Authority
How can authority be evaluated?
Lateral reading
Credibility
EXERCISE 5.1: ARE YOU AN AUTHOR?
EXERCISE 5.2: WHAT IS AN EXPERT? WHY IS EXPERTISE IMPORTANT?
EXERCISE 5.3: EMPLOYER'S INFLUENCE ON INFORMATION
EXERCISE 5.4: CREDIBILITY OF AN AUTHOR
EXERCISE 5.5: EDITORIALS - FACT OR OPINION?
EXERCISE 5.6: WHO CAN PUBLISH AND WHERE?
EXERCISE 5.7: AUTHORITY MATTERS - WHAT KIND OF AUTHORITY?
EXERCISE 5.8: MEDICAL MISINFORMATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA
EXERCISE 5.9: PHOTO OBSERVATION CHALLENGE
EXERCISE 5.10: DOMAIN NAME REGISTRATION RECORDS
EXERCISE 5.11: EVALUATING SCIENTIFIC NEWS - IS IT REAL OR FAKE?
6 Language in Media Messages
Words matter
Propaganda
Satire
Advertising
Public trust in journalism
EXERCISE 6.1: WHAT IS PROPAGANDA AND HOW IS IT USED?
EXERCISE 6.2: IDENTIFY PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES IN POLITICAL SPEECH
EXERCISE 6.3: PROPAGANDA IN ADVERTISING VERSUS PROPAGANDA IN POLITICS
EXERCISE 6.4: WORDS MATTER - LANGUAGE CAN AFFECT THE EMOTIONS
EXERCISE 6.5: REMIX THE HEADLINE
EXERCISE 6.6: MEDIA MANIPULATION WITH EMOTION
EXERCISE 6.7: PROPAGANDA TACTICS IN ADVERTISING
EXERCISE 6.8: HOW TO TELL AN ADVERTISEMENT FROM A NEWS STORY
EXERCISE 6.9: DISSECTING ADVERTISEMENTS
EXERCISE 6.10: DISSECTING LOGOS
EXERCISE 6.11: DISSECTING SLOGANS
EXERCISE 6.12: NEWS VERSUS OPINION
EXERCISE 6.13: WORD SELECTION FOR NEWS COVERAGE
EXERCISE 6.14: IDENTIFYING INFLUENCERS.
7 Algorithms, Bots, Trolls, Cyborgs and Artificial Intelligence
Algorithms
Bots, trolls, cyborgs and other inauthentic activity
EXERCISE 7.1: ALGORITHM AWARENESS
EXERCISE 7.2: HOW DO ALGORITHMS HELP YOU SEARCH THE INTERNET?
EXERCISE 7.3: FACEBOOK PRIVACY BASICS
EXERCISE 7.4: FACEBOOK ADS MANAGER
EXERCISE 7.5: HOW TO IDENTIFY A BOT
EXERCISE 7.6: HOW TO IDENTIFY AND AVOID BAD BOTS
EXERCISE 7.7: HOW TO AVOID BAD APPS
EXERCISE 7.8: CAN YOU SPOT THE TROLL?
EXERCISE 7.9: HOW TO VERIFY TWEETS
EXERCISE 7.10: GETTING INFORMATION FROM TWITTER ACCOUNTS
EXERCISE 7.11: FAKE NEWS GENERATOR
8 Statistics and Data Visualization
Statistics
The Wayback Machine
Data visualization
EXERCISE 8.1: HISTORICAL DATA WITH THE WAYBACK MACHINE
EXERCISE 8.2: STATISTICS ABOUT TV CONSUMPTION
EXERCISE 8.3: WHO COLLECTED THE DATA AND HOW?
EXERCISE 8.4: FOLLOW A STATISTIC FROM A POPULAR MAGAZINE ARTICLE TO ITS SOURCE
EXERCISE 8.5: DATA VISUALIZATION WITH CHARTS AND GRAPHS
EXERCISE 8.6: CREATE A DATA VISUALIZATION
EXERCISE 8.7: USING MAPS IN DATA VISUALIZATION
EXERCISE 8.8: CREATE YOUR OWN DATA VISUALIZATION WITH A MAP
EXERCISE 8.9: TELLING FACT FROM OPINION
EXERCISE 8.10: ANALYZE POLITICAL SPEECHES
EXERCISE 8.11: FACT OR OPINION - FOX NEWS
9 Images, Reverse Image Searching and Deepfakes
Processing visuals
Images
Reverse image searching
Memes
Deepfakes
Cheapfakes, shallowfakes and dumbfakes
EXERCISE 9.1: VIDEO BASICS
EXERCISE 9.2: VISUAL VERIFICATION GUIDES FROM FIRST DRAFT
EXERCISE 9.3: VERIFYING AND QUESTIONING IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.4: REVERSE IMAGE SEARCHING WITH GOOGLE
EXERCISE 9.5: REVERSE IMAGE SEARCHING WITH TINEYE
EXERCISE 9.6: UNDERSTANDING IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.7: MATCHING CAPTIONS AND PHOTOS
EXERCISE 9.8: WHICH FACE IS REAL?.
EXERCISE 9.9: EVALUATION OF IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.10: COMPARING IMAGES
EXERCISE 9.11: USING GEOLOCATION TO HELP VERIFY AN IMAGE
EXERCISE 9.12: CHECK THE MEME
EXERCISE 9.13: INTERROGATING AN IMAGE
EXERCISE 9.14: PHOTO MANIPULATION AND HISTORY
10 Media Manipulation and Fact Checking
Evaluating information and the source of the information
Fact checking - the background
Why is there a need to fact check?
Twitter checks and cautions
Lateral reading
EXERCISE 10.1: WHERE DOES YOUR NEWS COME FROM? - PART 1
EXERCISE10.2: WHERE DOES YOUR NEWS COME FROM? - PART 2
EXERCISE 10.3: WHO IS BEHIND THIS INFORMATION? - LATERAL READING
EXERCISE 10.4: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE?
EXERCISE 10.5: FACT CHECKING IN JOURNALISM
EXERCISE 10.6: FACT CHECK LIGHTNING ROUND
EXERCISE 10.7: WHAT INFORMATION FROM ACCOUNT PROFILES DOES TWITTER PROVIDE TO THE PUBLIC? - PART 1
EXERCISE 10.8: WHAT INFORMATION FROM ACCOUNT PROFILES DOES TWITTER PROVIDE TO THE PUBLIC? - PART 2
EXERCISE 10.9: ADVANCED TWITTER - PART 1
EXERCISE 10.10: ADVANCED TWITTER - PART 2
EXERCISE 10.11: MAKING AND FINDING FAKE TWEETS
EXERCISE 10.12: FINDING DELETED TWEETS
EXERCISE 10.13: HOW TO INGEST A RESEARCH REPORT
EXERCISE 10.14: FACTS VERSUS OPINION
11 The Ethics of Likes, Clicks, Shares and Data Harvesting
Ethics
Ethics of data harvesting
Ethics of tracking
Ethics in the media
Ethics of framing
EXERCISE 11.1: CORRECTIONS IN THE NEWS
EXERCISE 11.2: CORRECTING MIS/DISINFORMATION FROM FAMILY AND FRIENDS
EXERCISE 11.3: CHANGING BEHAVIOR WITH MEDIA LITERACY
EXERCISE 11.4: CREDIBILITY IN NON-ENGLISH LANGUAGE MEDIA
EXERCISE 11.5: HOW ARE DIFFERENT CULTURAL GROUPS DEPICTED IN THE MEDIA?
EXERCISE 11.6: MEDICAL DISINFORMATION
EXERCISE 11.7: STEREOTYPES IN THE MEDIA
EXERCISE 11.8: BURST YOUR INFORMATION BUBBLE.
EXERCISE 11.9: HOW TO IDENTIFY A RUMOR
EXERCISE 11.10: VISUAL COMPONENTS IN DOCUMENTS
EXERCISE 11.11: PROTECT YOUR PRIVACY ONLINE
12 How We Can Help Ourselves
Fighting mis- and disinformation with technology
Fighting mis- and disinformation with corrections
Fighting mis- and disinformation with legislation
Fighting mis- and disinformation with psychology and education
Fighting mis- and disinformation in the classroom using games
Fighting mis- and disinformation with codes of ethics
Fighting mis- and disinformation by fighting plagiarism
Fighting mis- and disinformation with diversity
How can we help ourselves?
Conclusions
Resources.