Intro
_Hlk93048502
Acknowledgements
Key findings
Introduction
Background - biology of COVID-19
Overview of patenting activity related to COVID-19
Patent filings during 2020-2021
Filing and publication of COVID-19-related patent applications over time
COVID-19-related vaccine and therapeutic patent applicant profiles
Research collaboration and IP strategies related to technologies important to COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics
Disclosure of sequences within patent documents
COVID-19 vaccines
Background - vaccine platforms
Conventional vaccine platforms
Novel vaccine platforms
Patent and vaccine distribution by vaccine platform and published applicant location
Speed of vaccine development
COVID-19 vaccine patent landscape
Core vaccine technologies, collaboration and licensing
Analysis of WHO data on COVID-19 vaccines
Timelines on key technologies for COVID-19 vaccine development
Technologies relevant to mRNA vaccine
Timeline details for adenovirus vaccine development
Timeline details for vaccine adjuvant development
COVID-19 therapeutics
Background
Analysis of COVID-19 therapeutics-related patent applications by substances type
Top locations of patent applicants for COVID-19 therapeutics and their filing strategies
Highlights of patent filings related to COVID-19 therapeutic development
Patent filings related to development of small-molecule drugs for COVID-19
Patent filings related to the development of biologics for COVID-19
Patents related to antibodies for COVID-19 treatment
Peptide and protein therapies
Nucleic-acid-based therapies
Aptamer-mediated therapy
Cell-based therapies
Other biologic-based therapies
Analysis of COVID-19 therapeutics in clinical trials.

Analysis of COVID-19 therapeutics data in the Milken Institute and Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society (RAPS) tracker data
Distribution of COVID-19 drug candidates across small molecules and biologics, repurposed drugs and de novo synthesized drugs
Classification of COVID-19 drug candidates in clinical trials by molecular nature and function
Feature summary of examples of anti-COVID-19 drug candidates in clinical trials
Perspectives
Annex
Data sources and methods
Tables of vaccine types and candidates currently in clinical trials
Examples of partial, early disclosure observed at the Israeli, U.K. and Singapore patent offices
Glossary
References
Further reading.