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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
1 Translating Nitric Oxide Research to Therapeutics: A Critical Appraisal
Introduction
NO Formation
Factors Affecting NO Production
Nitric Oxide Dynamics
Sources of Nitric Oxide
Therapeutic Potential of NO
Conclusion
References
2 Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Health
Introduction
Nitric Oxide Synthesis
Regulation of Intracellular Levels of Nitric Oxide
Cross-Talk Between Oxidative Stress and Nitrosative Stress
Nitric Oxide Signaling
Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases
Conclusions
References
3 Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardioprotection, Complications and Therapeutics
Introduction
Nitric Oxide (NO) and NO Synthases (NOS)
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS)
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS)
NO Synthesis and Distribution
NO and Vaso-Modulation
The Link Between NO and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Signaling
Cardiovascular Homeostasis Maintenance by NO-NOS
Homeostasis in Blood Vessels
Homeostasis in Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT)
Homeostasis in Cardiac Myocytes
Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Nerve Cells
NOS, NO and Cardiovascular Disease
Endothelial Dysfunction
NOS and NO in Cardiac Remodeling
Contribution of NOS and NO in Common CVDs
Hypertension
Diabetes
Heart Failure and Ventricular Hypertrophy
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Atherosclerosis
NO Signaling and Therapeutics and Pitfalls
SGC Stimulators or Activators
BH4 or Folate Supplementation
Nitroxyl (HNO)
Nitrate and Nitrite Supplementation
PDE Inhibitors
Experiences Form Clinical Studies
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
4 Nitric Oxide and the Heart Autonomic Nervous System
Nitric Oxide in the Heart
Nitric Oxide and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System
Role of Nitric Oxide as a Mediator of Cardiac Parasympathetic Effects
Role of Nitric Oxide as a Modulator of Cardiac Sympathetic Effects
NO as a Mediator in Autonomic Regulation of the Cardiac Conduction System
NO as a Mediator in Autonomic Regulation of Coronary Flow
Conclusion
References
5 Exercise Induced NO Modulation in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Nitric Oxide and Exercise
Nitric Oxide Synthases
Nitric Oxide-Mechanism of Action
Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular System
Erythrocyte Derived NO and Exercise
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cardiovascular System and Physical Activity
NO, Exercise and Cardiovascular Diseases
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease, Stroke
Heart Failure
Concluding Remarks
References
6 Nitric Oxide-cGMP-PKG Signaling in the Cardioprotective Effects of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors
Introduction
Nitric Oxide (NO)-A Key Signaling Molecule in Cardioprotection
Preface
Contents
1 Translating Nitric Oxide Research to Therapeutics: A Critical Appraisal
Introduction
NO Formation
Factors Affecting NO Production
Nitric Oxide Dynamics
Sources of Nitric Oxide
Therapeutic Potential of NO
Conclusion
References
2 Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Health
Introduction
Nitric Oxide Synthesis
Regulation of Intracellular Levels of Nitric Oxide
Cross-Talk Between Oxidative Stress and Nitrosative Stress
Nitric Oxide Signaling
Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases
Conclusions
References
3 Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardioprotection, Complications and Therapeutics
Introduction
Nitric Oxide (NO) and NO Synthases (NOS)
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS)
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS)
NO Synthesis and Distribution
NO and Vaso-Modulation
The Link Between NO and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Signaling
Cardiovascular Homeostasis Maintenance by NO-NOS
Homeostasis in Blood Vessels
Homeostasis in Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT)
Homeostasis in Cardiac Myocytes
Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Nerve Cells
NOS, NO and Cardiovascular Disease
Endothelial Dysfunction
NOS and NO in Cardiac Remodeling
Contribution of NOS and NO in Common CVDs
Hypertension
Diabetes
Heart Failure and Ventricular Hypertrophy
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Atherosclerosis
NO Signaling and Therapeutics and Pitfalls
SGC Stimulators or Activators
BH4 or Folate Supplementation
Nitroxyl (HNO)
Nitrate and Nitrite Supplementation
PDE Inhibitors
Experiences Form Clinical Studies
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
4 Nitric Oxide and the Heart Autonomic Nervous System
Nitric Oxide in the Heart
Nitric Oxide and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System
Role of Nitric Oxide as a Mediator of Cardiac Parasympathetic Effects
Role of Nitric Oxide as a Modulator of Cardiac Sympathetic Effects
NO as a Mediator in Autonomic Regulation of the Cardiac Conduction System
NO as a Mediator in Autonomic Regulation of Coronary Flow
Conclusion
References
5 Exercise Induced NO Modulation in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Nitric Oxide and Exercise
Nitric Oxide Synthases
Nitric Oxide-Mechanism of Action
Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular System
Erythrocyte Derived NO and Exercise
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cardiovascular System and Physical Activity
NO, Exercise and Cardiovascular Diseases
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease, Stroke
Heart Failure
Concluding Remarks
References
6 Nitric Oxide-cGMP-PKG Signaling in the Cardioprotective Effects of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors
Introduction
Nitric Oxide (NO)-A Key Signaling Molecule in Cardioprotection