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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Introduction
Contents
1 Features and Equation Set of Mesoscale Atmospheric Motions
1.1 The Scale Division of Atmospheric Motion Systems
1.2 Basic Features of Mesoscale Atmospheric Motions
1.3 Equations Set for Describing Mesoscale Motions
1.3.1 The Original Basic Atmospheric Dynamic and Thermodynamic Equations
1.3.2 The Assumptions for Simplifying the Equations
1.3.3 The Derivation of the Boussinesq and Anelastic Approach Equations
References
2 Topographically Forced Mesoscale Circulations
2.1 Topographic Waves
2.1.1 Basic Type of Topographic Waves
2.1.2 Features and Atmospheric Conditions of Lee Waves
2.1.3 The Influences of Lee Wave on Precipitation
2.1.4 Downslope Wind
2.2 Circulations in Wake
2.3 Urban Heat Island Circulation
2.4 Sea-Land Breeze
2.4.1 Observation of Sea-Land Breeze
2.4.2 The Rotation of Sea-Land Breeze
2.4.3 The Influences of Sea-Land Breeze on Weather and Environment
2.5 Mountain and Valley Breeze
2.5.1 Features of the Mountain and Valley Breeze
2.5.2 The Influences of the Mountain on Weather
References
3 Gravity Waves in Free Atmosphere
3.1 Basic Features of Gravity Waves
3.2 Dynamic Features of Gravity Waves
3.3 Structure and Influences of Gravity Waves
3.4 Development of Gravity Waves
3.4.1 Vertical Wind Shear and Development of Gravity Waves
3.4.2 Thermal Wind Adjustment and Development of Gravity Waves
3.5 Development of the Gravity Waves Near the Upper Level Jet Streak
References
4 Front and Jet Stream
4.1 Structure of the Front
4.1.1 The Scale of Front
4.1.2 The Model of Front
4.2 Kinematic and Thermodynamic Frontogenesis
4.3 Dynamic Frontogenesis
4.3.1 Concept of Dynamic Frontogenesis and the Quasi-geostrophic Frontogenesis Model
4.3.2 The Quasi-geostrophic Two Dimensional Frontogenesis Equations Expressed by Potential Temperature and Absolute Momentum M
4.3.3 Semi-geostrophic Frontogenesis Model
4.3.4 The Two Dimensional Frontogenesis Equation in Original Equation Form
4.4 The Factors Influencing Frontogenesis
4.4.1 Factors Influencing Horizontal Momentum Frontogenesis
4.4.2 The Factors Influencing the Horizontal Temperature Frontogenesis
4.4.3 The Factors Influencing the Vertical Temperature Frontogenesis
4.5 Frontal Lateral Secondary Circulation
4.5.1 Frontal Lateral Secondary Circulation Equation
4.5.2 The Forcing Factors of the Frontal Secondary Circulation
4.6 Jet Stream
4.6.1 Formation of the Jet Stream
4.6.2 The Secondary Circulation Near the Upper Level Jet Stream Core
4.6.3 Coupling of the Upper Level and Low Level Jet Streams
4.6.4 The Effects of the Frontogenesis Circulations and the Coupling of Low and High Level Jet Streams on the Development of Severe Convective Storms
4.7 Mesoscale Fronts in Boundary Layer
4.7.1 Dry Line
4.7.2 Coast Front
Preface
Introduction
Contents
1 Features and Equation Set of Mesoscale Atmospheric Motions
1.1 The Scale Division of Atmospheric Motion Systems
1.2 Basic Features of Mesoscale Atmospheric Motions
1.3 Equations Set for Describing Mesoscale Motions
1.3.1 The Original Basic Atmospheric Dynamic and Thermodynamic Equations
1.3.2 The Assumptions for Simplifying the Equations
1.3.3 The Derivation of the Boussinesq and Anelastic Approach Equations
References
2 Topographically Forced Mesoscale Circulations
2.1 Topographic Waves
2.1.1 Basic Type of Topographic Waves
2.1.2 Features and Atmospheric Conditions of Lee Waves
2.1.3 The Influences of Lee Wave on Precipitation
2.1.4 Downslope Wind
2.2 Circulations in Wake
2.3 Urban Heat Island Circulation
2.4 Sea-Land Breeze
2.4.1 Observation of Sea-Land Breeze
2.4.2 The Rotation of Sea-Land Breeze
2.4.3 The Influences of Sea-Land Breeze on Weather and Environment
2.5 Mountain and Valley Breeze
2.5.1 Features of the Mountain and Valley Breeze
2.5.2 The Influences of the Mountain on Weather
References
3 Gravity Waves in Free Atmosphere
3.1 Basic Features of Gravity Waves
3.2 Dynamic Features of Gravity Waves
3.3 Structure and Influences of Gravity Waves
3.4 Development of Gravity Waves
3.4.1 Vertical Wind Shear and Development of Gravity Waves
3.4.2 Thermal Wind Adjustment and Development of Gravity Waves
3.5 Development of the Gravity Waves Near the Upper Level Jet Streak
References
4 Front and Jet Stream
4.1 Structure of the Front
4.1.1 The Scale of Front
4.1.2 The Model of Front
4.2 Kinematic and Thermodynamic Frontogenesis
4.3 Dynamic Frontogenesis
4.3.1 Concept of Dynamic Frontogenesis and the Quasi-geostrophic Frontogenesis Model
4.3.2 The Quasi-geostrophic Two Dimensional Frontogenesis Equations Expressed by Potential Temperature and Absolute Momentum M
4.3.3 Semi-geostrophic Frontogenesis Model
4.3.4 The Two Dimensional Frontogenesis Equation in Original Equation Form
4.4 The Factors Influencing Frontogenesis
4.4.1 Factors Influencing Horizontal Momentum Frontogenesis
4.4.2 The Factors Influencing the Horizontal Temperature Frontogenesis
4.4.3 The Factors Influencing the Vertical Temperature Frontogenesis
4.5 Frontal Lateral Secondary Circulation
4.5.1 Frontal Lateral Secondary Circulation Equation
4.5.2 The Forcing Factors of the Frontal Secondary Circulation
4.6 Jet Stream
4.6.1 Formation of the Jet Stream
4.6.2 The Secondary Circulation Near the Upper Level Jet Stream Core
4.6.3 Coupling of the Upper Level and Low Level Jet Streams
4.6.4 The Effects of the Frontogenesis Circulations and the Coupling of Low and High Level Jet Streams on the Development of Severe Convective Storms
4.7 Mesoscale Fronts in Boundary Layer
4.7.1 Dry Line
4.7.2 Coast Front