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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 Epidemiology
1.1 Prevalence and Incidence of LUTS and BPS
1.2 Natural Course and Risks of Progression
1.3 BPS in Germany: Herne LUTS/BPS Study
References
2 Anatomy of the Prostate
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Structure
References
3 Pathophysiology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Histology
3.3 Endocrinology
3.4 Concept of Age-Associated Tissue Remodeling
3.5 Lifestyle Factors
3.6 Metabolic Syndrome
3.7 Bladder Dysfunction
References
4 Symptomatology
4.1 Complications and Late Effects
4.2 Classification of Benign Prosta te Syndrome
4.3 Symptom Scores
References
5 Clinical Diagnostics
5.1 Medical History
5.2 Assessment of the Upper Urinary Tract
5.3 Physical Examination
5.4 Urinalysis
5.5 Prostate-Specific Antigen
5.6 Kidney Function Measurement
5.7 Optional Diagnostics
References
6 Imaging Techniques for the Benign Prostate Syndrome
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Ultrasound
6.2.1 Kidney, Ureter and Retroperitoneum
6.2.2 Urinary Bladder
6.2.3 Prostate
6.3 Other Methods
6.3.1 X-ray
6.3.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
References
7 Endoscopy
7.1 Indication
7.2 Cystoscopes
7.3 Procedure
7.4 Diagnostic Performance in BPH
7.5 Conclusions
References
8 Uroflow and Residual Urine
8.1 Uroflowmetry
8.2 Residual Urine
References
9 Urodynamics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Procedure
9.3 Cystometry
9.4 Pressure-Flow Measurement
9.5 Other Examination Techniques
References
10 Controlled Waiting
10.1 Principle
10.2 Indication
10.3 Risk Factors
10.4 Assessment
References
11 Pharmacological Therapy
11.1 Phytopharmaceuticals
11.2 Alpha-Blockers
11.3 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors
11.4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
11.5 Antimuscarinics
11.6 Beta-3-Agonist Mirabegron
11.7 Combination Therapies
References
12 Surgical Techniques: Basics
12.1 Surgical Basics
12.2 Surgical Principles: Vaporization, Enucleation, Resection
12.3 Lasers: Basic Knowledge
12.4 Lasers in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
12.4.1 Holmium Laser
12.4.2 Thulium Laser
12.4.3 GreenLight Laser
12.4.4 Diode Lasers
12.4.5 ERASER Laser
References
13 Ablative Procedures: Enucleation
13.1 Open Simple Prostatectomy (OSP)
13.1.1 Transvesical OSP (Freyer): Surgical Principle
13.1.2 Retropubic OSP (Millin): Surgical Principle
13.1.3 Outcomes of OSP
13.2 Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy (LSP)
13.3 Robot-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy (RASP)
13.3.1 RASP: Surgical Principle
13.3.2 Results on RASP
13.4 Transurethral Enucleation of the Prostate
13.4.1 Monopolar Enucleation of the Prostate (MEP)
13.4.2 Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP)
13.4.3 HoLEP Surgical Technique
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 Epidemiology
1.1 Prevalence and Incidence of LUTS and BPS
1.2 Natural Course and Risks of Progression
1.3 BPS in Germany: Herne LUTS/BPS Study
References
2 Anatomy of the Prostate
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Structure
References
3 Pathophysiology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Histology
3.3 Endocrinology
3.4 Concept of Age-Associated Tissue Remodeling
3.5 Lifestyle Factors
3.6 Metabolic Syndrome
3.7 Bladder Dysfunction
References
4 Symptomatology
4.1 Complications and Late Effects
4.2 Classification of Benign Prosta te Syndrome
4.3 Symptom Scores
References
5 Clinical Diagnostics
5.1 Medical History
5.2 Assessment of the Upper Urinary Tract
5.3 Physical Examination
5.4 Urinalysis
5.5 Prostate-Specific Antigen
5.6 Kidney Function Measurement
5.7 Optional Diagnostics
References
6 Imaging Techniques for the Benign Prostate Syndrome
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Ultrasound
6.2.1 Kidney, Ureter and Retroperitoneum
6.2.2 Urinary Bladder
6.2.3 Prostate
6.3 Other Methods
6.3.1 X-ray
6.3.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
References
7 Endoscopy
7.1 Indication
7.2 Cystoscopes
7.3 Procedure
7.4 Diagnostic Performance in BPH
7.5 Conclusions
References
8 Uroflow and Residual Urine
8.1 Uroflowmetry
8.2 Residual Urine
References
9 Urodynamics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Procedure
9.3 Cystometry
9.4 Pressure-Flow Measurement
9.5 Other Examination Techniques
References
10 Controlled Waiting
10.1 Principle
10.2 Indication
10.3 Risk Factors
10.4 Assessment
References
11 Pharmacological Therapy
11.1 Phytopharmaceuticals
11.2 Alpha-Blockers
11.3 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors
11.4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
11.5 Antimuscarinics
11.6 Beta-3-Agonist Mirabegron
11.7 Combination Therapies
References
12 Surgical Techniques: Basics
12.1 Surgical Basics
12.2 Surgical Principles: Vaporization, Enucleation, Resection
12.3 Lasers: Basic Knowledge
12.4 Lasers in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
12.4.1 Holmium Laser
12.4.2 Thulium Laser
12.4.3 GreenLight Laser
12.4.4 Diode Lasers
12.4.5 ERASER Laser
References
13 Ablative Procedures: Enucleation
13.1 Open Simple Prostatectomy (OSP)
13.1.1 Transvesical OSP (Freyer): Surgical Principle
13.1.2 Retropubic OSP (Millin): Surgical Principle
13.1.3 Outcomes of OSP
13.2 Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy (LSP)
13.3 Robot-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy (RASP)
13.3.1 RASP: Surgical Principle
13.3.2 Results on RASP
13.4 Transurethral Enucleation of the Prostate
13.4.1 Monopolar Enucleation of the Prostate (MEP)
13.4.2 Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP)
13.4.3 HoLEP Surgical Technique