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Table of Contents
Intro
Language Contact in the Territory of the Former Soviet Union
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
Introduction
1. Background: Why contact with Russian?
2. Historical overview
2.1 The Soviet period
2.2 The post-Soviet period
3. Overarching questions
3.1 The question of different contact situations
3.2 The role of typological features
4. Synopsis
Acknowledgements
Funding
References
Nominal borrowings in Tsova-Tush (Nakh-Daghestanian, Georgia) and their gender assignment
1. Introduction
2. Lexical borrowing
2.1 Basics
2.2 Integration
2.3 Semantic domains and parts of speech
2.4 Russian
3. Gender system
3.1 Basics
3.2 Gender assignment in Tsova-Tush
3.3 Inquorate genders
4. Gender of borrowed nouns
5. Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Lexical convergence reflects complex historical processes: A case study of two borderline regions of Russia
1. Introduction
2. Geography and sociolinguistics
2.1 The Russification of Daghestan
2.2 The Rutul area (Rutul'skij rajon)
2.3 The Tsezic area
3. The wordlist
4. The data
5. Discussion
5.1 Russian loanwords
5.2 Georgian loanwords
5.3 Azerbaijani loanwords
6. The status of the donor languages
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Funding
References
Appendix
The ideological background of language change in Permic-speaking communities
1. Introduction
2. The framework
3. Permic languages and language communities
4. Language ideologies and language planning of the Permic people
5. Borrowing of Russian relational adjectives in the Permic languages
5.1 Russian relational adjectives and their equivalents in the Permic languages
5.2 The history of borrowing of Russian relational adjectives.
5.3 Translating of Russian relational adjectives by the modern Permic speakers
5.4 Comparing data
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Enets-Russian language contact
1. Introduction
1.1 Language and its speakers
1.2 Data and methods
2. Sociolinguistic details of the Enets-Russian language contact
2.1 Before the end of the 1930s: Very limited contacts with Russian
2.2 The 1940s-1950s: Start of the Russification campaign
2.3 The 1960s: The transition period
2.4 The 1970s: The victory of Russian
2.5 Summarizing the history of the Enets-Russian language contact
3. Linguistic traces of Enets-Russian contact in Enets
3.1 Lexicon
3.2 Phonetics and phonology
3.3 Syntax
3.4 Discourse
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Funding
Abbreviations
References
Izhma Komi in Western Siberia: At the crossroads of language contact
1. Introduction
2. Sociolinguistic situation
3. Influence of Russian
3.1 Phonetics
3.2 Loan translations
3.3 Grammar
4. Influence of Nenets and Khanty
4.1 Phonetics
4.2 Loan translations
4.3 Grammar
5. Discussion
List of abbreviations (different from the Leipzig Glossing Rules)
Funding
References
From head-final towards head-initial grammar: Generational and areal differences concerning word order usage and judgement among Udmurt speakers
1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1 The Udmurt language
2.2 Sociolinguistic background
2.3 Theoretical background
2.4 Comparative-historical background
2.5 Previous analyses on Udmurt word order
3. Methods
3.1 The constructions
3.2 Task types
3.3 The consultants
4. Results
4.1 Verbal phrases
4.2 Phrases with a functional head
4.3 Noun phrases
4.4 Adjectival phrases
5. Word order flexibility
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgements.
Funding
List of abbreviations
References
Russian influence on Surgut Khanty and Estonian aspect is limited but similar
1. Introduction
2. Sociolinguistic conditions
3. Causal relations between borrowing type and structural change
4. Key terminology
5. Aspect and Aktionsart: Areal features?
6. The Estonian aspectual structure
6.1 The Estonian aspectual structure: Object case alternation
6.2 The Estonian aspectual structure: Aktionsart particles
6.3 The Estonian aspectual structure: Aktionsart suffixes
6.4 The Estonian aspectual structure: Verbal complexes
6.5 Secondary imperfectives
6.6 Interim summary: The expression of aspectuality in Estonian
6.7 Comparisons
7. Surgut Khanty
7.1 Methods
7.2 The system
7.3 Absence and presence of interference-phenomena in Surgut Khanty
7.4 Khanty and Russian: Comparison
8. Discussion of the findings
9. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Funding
Abbreviatons
References
Quotative indexes in Permic: Between the original strategies and Russian
1. Introduction
1.1 The Permic languages
1.2 Quotative indexes and new quotatives
1.3 Methodology and data
1.4 The content of the article
2. Quotative indexes in Russian
2.1 Complementizer strategies in Russian: Speech verbs and complementizers čto and budto
2.2 Quotative particles mol and deskatʹ as markers of reported discourse in Russian
2.3 New quotative indexes in Russian
3. Quotative indexes in Udmurt
3.1 The autochthonous quotative strategies in Udmurt
3.2 Russian influence on the quotative strategies in Udmurt
4. Quotative indexes in Komi
4.1 The autochthonous quotative strategies in Komi
4.2 On some traces of matter and pattern replication in the complementizer strategy in Komi
5. Summary
6. Discussion
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations.
Other symbols and fonts
References
Internet sources
Some structural similarities in the outcomes of language contact with Russian
1. Introduction
2. Borrowing of verbs
2.1 Typological tendencies
2.2 The light verb strategy
2.3 Direct insertion
2.4 Indirect insertion and minor strategies
2.5 The morphological form of the Russian input verb
2.6 Summary of verbal borrowing patterns
3. Borrowing of adjectives
4. Calquing of indefinite pronouns
5. Borrowing of conjunctions and discourse particles
6. Complex clauses
6.1 Conjunction, adverbial subordination and conditional clauses
6.2 Complement clauses, purpose clauses, adverbial subordination and conditional clauses
6.3 Relative clauses
7. Conclusion / Summary
References
Why do two Uralic languages (Surgut Khanty and Erzya) use different code-switching strategies?
1. Introduction
2. The contact situations
3. Structural characteristics of the minority languages involved
3.1 Surgut Khanty
3.2 Erzya
4. Data and methods
5. Code-switching patterns
5.1 One-word switches and short EL islands
5.2 Russian ML
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
References
Appendix
Analyzing Modern Chinese Pidgin Russian: Variability and the feature pool theory
1. Introduction
1.1 Russian-based pidgins in the Russian Far East
1.2 Data
2. Russians and Chinese in the Ussuri region: Two directions of language shift
2.1 Russians: Waves of migration
2.2 Chinese Pidgin Russian
2.3 Post-pidgin situation in the Ussuri region
3. Analysis of linguistic data
3.1 No inflectional morphology
3.2 Plurality
3.3 Generalized forms for personal and possessive pronouns
3.4 Formal differentiation of word classes
3.5 Preferred word order is SOV.
3.6 Absence of complex sentences, coordinative, and subordinative conjunctions
3.7 Absence of prepositions
3.8 Limited lexicon: Words have very broad semantics
3.9 The expression of the TAMP with postpositional markers
3.10 The use of the particle la / le
3.11 Pidgin feature not characteristic for post-Pidgin varieties
4. Pidgin and inter-languages
4.1 Bargaining and finding a common code strategy
4.2 The strategy of "trying synonyms"
4.3 Echoing
5. Conclusion
Abbreviations
Chinese Pidgin Russian speakers
Literary sources of Chinese Pidgin Russian examples
References
The choice of forms in contact varieties: Linguistic vs. social motivation (on the base of language contact in the Russian-Chinese border area)
1. Introduction
2. Language contact in the Russian-Chinese border area
3. Data and method
4. Choice of morphological forms in Russian-Chinese pidgin data
5. Choice of morphological forms in experimental data
6. Choice of morphological forms in modern data on interethnic communication in the Russian-Chinese border area
7. Results: Comparing three sets of data
8. Conclusions
List of abbreviations / glosses
References
Language data and maps
List of languages
Language vs. dialect
Genealogical classification
Speaker numbers
Sociolinguistic status
Official status
Writing
Abbreviations
Funding
References
Languages &
language families
Subject index.
Language Contact in the Territory of the Former Soviet Union
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
Introduction
1. Background: Why contact with Russian?
2. Historical overview
2.1 The Soviet period
2.2 The post-Soviet period
3. Overarching questions
3.1 The question of different contact situations
3.2 The role of typological features
4. Synopsis
Acknowledgements
Funding
References
Nominal borrowings in Tsova-Tush (Nakh-Daghestanian, Georgia) and their gender assignment
1. Introduction
2. Lexical borrowing
2.1 Basics
2.2 Integration
2.3 Semantic domains and parts of speech
2.4 Russian
3. Gender system
3.1 Basics
3.2 Gender assignment in Tsova-Tush
3.3 Inquorate genders
4. Gender of borrowed nouns
5. Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Lexical convergence reflects complex historical processes: A case study of two borderline regions of Russia
1. Introduction
2. Geography and sociolinguistics
2.1 The Russification of Daghestan
2.2 The Rutul area (Rutul'skij rajon)
2.3 The Tsezic area
3. The wordlist
4. The data
5. Discussion
5.1 Russian loanwords
5.2 Georgian loanwords
5.3 Azerbaijani loanwords
6. The status of the donor languages
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Funding
References
Appendix
The ideological background of language change in Permic-speaking communities
1. Introduction
2. The framework
3. Permic languages and language communities
4. Language ideologies and language planning of the Permic people
5. Borrowing of Russian relational adjectives in the Permic languages
5.1 Russian relational adjectives and their equivalents in the Permic languages
5.2 The history of borrowing of Russian relational adjectives.
5.3 Translating of Russian relational adjectives by the modern Permic speakers
5.4 Comparing data
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Enets-Russian language contact
1. Introduction
1.1 Language and its speakers
1.2 Data and methods
2. Sociolinguistic details of the Enets-Russian language contact
2.1 Before the end of the 1930s: Very limited contacts with Russian
2.2 The 1940s-1950s: Start of the Russification campaign
2.3 The 1960s: The transition period
2.4 The 1970s: The victory of Russian
2.5 Summarizing the history of the Enets-Russian language contact
3. Linguistic traces of Enets-Russian contact in Enets
3.1 Lexicon
3.2 Phonetics and phonology
3.3 Syntax
3.4 Discourse
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Funding
Abbreviations
References
Izhma Komi in Western Siberia: At the crossroads of language contact
1. Introduction
2. Sociolinguistic situation
3. Influence of Russian
3.1 Phonetics
3.2 Loan translations
3.3 Grammar
4. Influence of Nenets and Khanty
4.1 Phonetics
4.2 Loan translations
4.3 Grammar
5. Discussion
List of abbreviations (different from the Leipzig Glossing Rules)
Funding
References
From head-final towards head-initial grammar: Generational and areal differences concerning word order usage and judgement among Udmurt speakers
1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1 The Udmurt language
2.2 Sociolinguistic background
2.3 Theoretical background
2.4 Comparative-historical background
2.5 Previous analyses on Udmurt word order
3. Methods
3.1 The constructions
3.2 Task types
3.3 The consultants
4. Results
4.1 Verbal phrases
4.2 Phrases with a functional head
4.3 Noun phrases
4.4 Adjectival phrases
5. Word order flexibility
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgements.
Funding
List of abbreviations
References
Russian influence on Surgut Khanty and Estonian aspect is limited but similar
1. Introduction
2. Sociolinguistic conditions
3. Causal relations between borrowing type and structural change
4. Key terminology
5. Aspect and Aktionsart: Areal features?
6. The Estonian aspectual structure
6.1 The Estonian aspectual structure: Object case alternation
6.2 The Estonian aspectual structure: Aktionsart particles
6.3 The Estonian aspectual structure: Aktionsart suffixes
6.4 The Estonian aspectual structure: Verbal complexes
6.5 Secondary imperfectives
6.6 Interim summary: The expression of aspectuality in Estonian
6.7 Comparisons
7. Surgut Khanty
7.1 Methods
7.2 The system
7.3 Absence and presence of interference-phenomena in Surgut Khanty
7.4 Khanty and Russian: Comparison
8. Discussion of the findings
9. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Funding
Abbreviatons
References
Quotative indexes in Permic: Between the original strategies and Russian
1. Introduction
1.1 The Permic languages
1.2 Quotative indexes and new quotatives
1.3 Methodology and data
1.4 The content of the article
2. Quotative indexes in Russian
2.1 Complementizer strategies in Russian: Speech verbs and complementizers čto and budto
2.2 Quotative particles mol and deskatʹ as markers of reported discourse in Russian
2.3 New quotative indexes in Russian
3. Quotative indexes in Udmurt
3.1 The autochthonous quotative strategies in Udmurt
3.2 Russian influence on the quotative strategies in Udmurt
4. Quotative indexes in Komi
4.1 The autochthonous quotative strategies in Komi
4.2 On some traces of matter and pattern replication in the complementizer strategy in Komi
5. Summary
6. Discussion
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations.
Other symbols and fonts
References
Internet sources
Some structural similarities in the outcomes of language contact with Russian
1. Introduction
2. Borrowing of verbs
2.1 Typological tendencies
2.2 The light verb strategy
2.3 Direct insertion
2.4 Indirect insertion and minor strategies
2.5 The morphological form of the Russian input verb
2.6 Summary of verbal borrowing patterns
3. Borrowing of adjectives
4. Calquing of indefinite pronouns
5. Borrowing of conjunctions and discourse particles
6. Complex clauses
6.1 Conjunction, adverbial subordination and conditional clauses
6.2 Complement clauses, purpose clauses, adverbial subordination and conditional clauses
6.3 Relative clauses
7. Conclusion / Summary
References
Why do two Uralic languages (Surgut Khanty and Erzya) use different code-switching strategies?
1. Introduction
2. The contact situations
3. Structural characteristics of the minority languages involved
3.1 Surgut Khanty
3.2 Erzya
4. Data and methods
5. Code-switching patterns
5.1 One-word switches and short EL islands
5.2 Russian ML
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
References
Appendix
Analyzing Modern Chinese Pidgin Russian: Variability and the feature pool theory
1. Introduction
1.1 Russian-based pidgins in the Russian Far East
1.2 Data
2. Russians and Chinese in the Ussuri region: Two directions of language shift
2.1 Russians: Waves of migration
2.2 Chinese Pidgin Russian
2.3 Post-pidgin situation in the Ussuri region
3. Analysis of linguistic data
3.1 No inflectional morphology
3.2 Plurality
3.3 Generalized forms for personal and possessive pronouns
3.4 Formal differentiation of word classes
3.5 Preferred word order is SOV.
3.6 Absence of complex sentences, coordinative, and subordinative conjunctions
3.7 Absence of prepositions
3.8 Limited lexicon: Words have very broad semantics
3.9 The expression of the TAMP with postpositional markers
3.10 The use of the particle la / le
3.11 Pidgin feature not characteristic for post-Pidgin varieties
4. Pidgin and inter-languages
4.1 Bargaining and finding a common code strategy
4.2 The strategy of "trying synonyms"
4.3 Echoing
5. Conclusion
Abbreviations
Chinese Pidgin Russian speakers
Literary sources of Chinese Pidgin Russian examples
References
The choice of forms in contact varieties: Linguistic vs. social motivation (on the base of language contact in the Russian-Chinese border area)
1. Introduction
2. Language contact in the Russian-Chinese border area
3. Data and method
4. Choice of morphological forms in Russian-Chinese pidgin data
5. Choice of morphological forms in experimental data
6. Choice of morphological forms in modern data on interethnic communication in the Russian-Chinese border area
7. Results: Comparing three sets of data
8. Conclusions
List of abbreviations / glosses
References
Language data and maps
List of languages
Language vs. dialect
Genealogical classification
Speaker numbers
Sociolinguistic status
Official status
Writing
Abbreviations
Funding
References
Languages &
language families
Subject index.