Illicit Trade in High-Risk Sectors.

Intro
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Executive summary
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
Reference
Note
2 Markets for alcohol
Industry structure
Trade
Marketing and distribution
Licit and illicit products
E-commerce
References
Notes
3 Illicit trade in alcohol - what we know so far?
Scale and magnitude
Drivers of illicit trade in alcohol
Profitability
Marketing illicit alcohol
Role of organised crime
Legal frameworks
Counterfeit alcohol
Characteristics of markets for counterfeits
Production, technology and distribution of counterfeits
Legal frameworks to prevent counterfeiting
Impact of COVID-19 on illicit trade in alcohol
Consumption
Restrictions
Impact on illicit trade
Impact on health
Impact on government revenue
Impact on business
References
Notes
4 Direct impacts of illicit trade in alcohol
Consumer health
Impact on legitimate producers
Government revenue
References
Notes
5 Existing actions to combat illicit trade
Country policies designed to address illicit trade
Intergovernmental work on enforcement
INTERPOL-Europol
WCO
WCO-INTERPOL
WHO
Industry stakeholders
IARD
TRACIT
References
Notes
6 Conclusions
Policy areas for stakeholders' consideration
Note
Annex A. IARD recommendations for addressing the challenges of unrecorded alcohol
Government
Community
Industry
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