Intro
Foreword
Origins
Key Elements in the Process
Challenges
This Book
Literature Cited
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Abbreviations
1: Modelling Tools and Plausible Scenarios in Science-Policy to Improve Evidence-Based Decision-Making for Human Well-Being
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Modelling Tools
1.3 Recognition and Acceptance of Modelling Tools in Environmental Decision-Making
1.4 Progress and Developments in Modelling on the Science Front
1.4.1 Species Modelling
1.4.2 Ecosystem Modelling
1.5 Enabling and Constraining

1.6 Mainstreaming Modelling Tools in Policy Planning
1.7 Structure of the Book
References
Part I: Ecosystem and Species Modelling Tools and Relevance
2: Basic Introduction to Species Distribution Modelling
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Modelling Process
2.3 Data Types
2.3.1 Species Data
2.3.2 Environmental Data
2.4 Modelling Techniques
2.4.1 Single Algorithm Techniques
2.4.2 Ensemble Techniques
2.5 Model Evaluation
2.5.1 Threshold-Dependent Measures
2.5.2 Threshold-Independent Measures
2.6 Application of SDMs in Paleobiogeography

2.7 Niche Theory in SDM
2.8 Challenges in SDM
References
3: Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modelling Approaches for Effective Understanding of Evolutionary History, Distribution, a...
3.1 Introduction
3.2 MaxEnt Modelling
3.3 The Climatic Variables
3.4 Climate Change and Habitat Suitability
3.5 Model Appraisal
3.6 The Western Ghats and Climate Change
3.7 Habitat Suitability Model of an Endemic Mammal
3.8 Consequences of Climate Change on Endemic Animals
3.9 Paleoclimatic Model and Allopatric Speciation
3.10 Limitations of Research
3.11 Future Prospects

3.12 Conclusion
References
4: Mapping the Impact of Climate Change on Eco-sensitive Hotspots Using Species Distribution Modelling (SDM): Gaps, Challenges...
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Impact of Climate Change on Eco-sensitive Hotspots
4.3 Types of Species Distribution Models Currently Used
4.3.1 Empirical Model
4.3.2 Correlative Model
4.3.3 Mechanistic Model
4.3.4 Hybrid Model
4.4 Parameters Influencing Species Distribution Models
4.4.1 Species Distribution Data
4.4.2 Bioclimatic or Environmental Data
4.4.3 Indicators of Good Fit (Accuracy)

4.5 Application of Species Distribution Models in Various Ecosystems
4.5.1 Application in Urban Ecosystem
4.5.2 Application in Forest Ecosystem
4.5.3 Application in Marine Ecosystem
4.6 Comparative of Different SDMs for Mapping of Impact of Climate Change
4.7 Gaps and Challenges Associated with Mapping the Impact of Climate Change
4.8 Future Perspectives
References
5: Approaches for Modelling the Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 IPCC Modelling Scenarios
5.2.1 SRES Scenarios
5.2.2 RCP Scenarios
5.2.3 SSP Scenarios