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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: Significant Uses in Plant Performance, Production, and Toxicity Response
1 Introduction
2 Types of Nanomaterials
2.1 Inorganic Nanomaterials
2.2 Organic-Based Nanomaterials
2.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
2.4 Composite-Based Nanomaterials
3 Application of Nanoparticles in Agriculture
3.1 Plant Growth Management
3.2 Disease Management
4 Toxic Implications of Nanomaterials on Seed Germination, Plant Growth and Activity
5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Exposures to Plants: An Overview
1 Introduction
2 Classification of Nanoparticles
2.1 Metal-Based Nanoparticles
2.2 Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles
2.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
2.4 Nanocomposites
3 Application of Nanomaterials and Their Beneficial Effects on Plants
3.1 Nano-Priming
3.2 Foliar Application of Nanoparticles
3.3 Addition of Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites to the Soil
4 Conclusions and Future Perspective
References
Phytotoxicity Response and Defense Mechanisms of Nanocomposites/Mixture of Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites Characteristics
3 NMs Uptake by Plants
4 Phytotoxicity of Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites
5 Plant Response to Nanomaterials' Toxicity
5.1 Physiological Indicators
5.2 Biochemical Indicators
6 Plants Defense Mechanism
6.1 Antioxidative Defense Mechanism
6.2 Gene Modification
7 Conclusions and Future Outlook
References
Phytotoxicity Responses and Defence Mechanisms of Heavy Metal and Metal-Based Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Toxicity Caused by Metals in Plants
2.1 Seed Growth and Germination Process
2.2 Inhibited Root Elongation
2.3 Cell Membrane and Cell Wall
2.4 Effect on Photosynthesis
2.5 Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation
2.6 Genotoxicity
3 Phytotoxicity Induced by Nanoparticles
3.1 Phytotoxic Effect of Nanoparticles on Soil
3.2 Phytotoxic Effect of Nanoparticles on Plants
3.3 Regulation of Metabolic Pathways Due to ENPs Toxicity
3.4 Impact on Human Health via Food Chain
4 Foliar Application of Nanomaterials
4.1 Outcomes of Application of Foliar NPs on Flora
5 Plant Defensive Mechanism to Mitigate HM Stress
5.1 Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals
5.2 Effect of AMF and Regulation of ENMs Toxicity on Plants
5.3 ENMs Immobilisation in Soil by AMF Hyphae Secretion
5.4 Membrane Transport Genes Inhibition by AMF
5.5 Effect of AMF on Oxidative Stress Caused by ENMs
5.6 Promotion of Enzymatic Activity in Soil and Enhancement of Nutrient Transformation by Rhizosphere
5.7 Improvement in Biomass Production in Mycorrhizal Plants
5.8 Exogenous Supply of Chemical Compounds for Reducing Toxicity
6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Synergistic Effect of Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites and Heavy Metals on Plant Growth
Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: Significant Uses in Plant Performance, Production, and Toxicity Response
1 Introduction
2 Types of Nanomaterials
2.1 Inorganic Nanomaterials
2.2 Organic-Based Nanomaterials
2.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
2.4 Composite-Based Nanomaterials
3 Application of Nanoparticles in Agriculture
3.1 Plant Growth Management
3.2 Disease Management
4 Toxic Implications of Nanomaterials on Seed Germination, Plant Growth and Activity
5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Exposures to Plants: An Overview
1 Introduction
2 Classification of Nanoparticles
2.1 Metal-Based Nanoparticles
2.2 Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles
2.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
2.4 Nanocomposites
3 Application of Nanomaterials and Their Beneficial Effects on Plants
3.1 Nano-Priming
3.2 Foliar Application of Nanoparticles
3.3 Addition of Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites to the Soil
4 Conclusions and Future Perspective
References
Phytotoxicity Response and Defense Mechanisms of Nanocomposites/Mixture of Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites Characteristics
3 NMs Uptake by Plants
4 Phytotoxicity of Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites
5 Plant Response to Nanomaterials' Toxicity
5.1 Physiological Indicators
5.2 Biochemical Indicators
6 Plants Defense Mechanism
6.1 Antioxidative Defense Mechanism
6.2 Gene Modification
7 Conclusions and Future Outlook
References
Phytotoxicity Responses and Defence Mechanisms of Heavy Metal and Metal-Based Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Toxicity Caused by Metals in Plants
2.1 Seed Growth and Germination Process
2.2 Inhibited Root Elongation
2.3 Cell Membrane and Cell Wall
2.4 Effect on Photosynthesis
2.5 Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation
2.6 Genotoxicity
3 Phytotoxicity Induced by Nanoparticles
3.1 Phytotoxic Effect of Nanoparticles on Soil
3.2 Phytotoxic Effect of Nanoparticles on Plants
3.3 Regulation of Metabolic Pathways Due to ENPs Toxicity
3.4 Impact on Human Health via Food Chain
4 Foliar Application of Nanomaterials
4.1 Outcomes of Application of Foliar NPs on Flora
5 Plant Defensive Mechanism to Mitigate HM Stress
5.1 Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals
5.2 Effect of AMF and Regulation of ENMs Toxicity on Plants
5.3 ENMs Immobilisation in Soil by AMF Hyphae Secretion
5.4 Membrane Transport Genes Inhibition by AMF
5.5 Effect of AMF on Oxidative Stress Caused by ENMs
5.6 Promotion of Enzymatic Activity in Soil and Enhancement of Nutrient Transformation by Rhizosphere
5.7 Improvement in Biomass Production in Mycorrhizal Plants
5.8 Exogenous Supply of Chemical Compounds for Reducing Toxicity
6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Synergistic Effect of Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites and Heavy Metals on Plant Growth