Intro
Contents
Modeling Combined Shunt/Series FACTS in Power Flow Solutions: A Comprehensive Review
1 Introduction
2 Power Flow Solutions
2.1 Power Flow Methods
3 Modeling Methods of the FACTS Devices
3.1 Modeling of the Variable Impedance-Based FACTS
3.1.1 Static VAR Compensator (SVC)
3.1.2 Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC)
3.1.3 Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer (TCPST)
3.2 Modeling of the VSC-based FACTS
3.2.1 Modeling of the UPFC
3.2.2 Modeling of SSSC
3.2.3 Modeling of STATCOM
3.2.4 Modeling of IPFC

3.2.5 Modeling of GUPFC
4 Summary
References
Comparison of Different Configurations of Saturated Core Fault Current Limiters in a Power Grid by Numerical Method: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Principles of Fault Current Limiting
4 Basis of SCFCLs
5 Circuit Diagram of a Simple Power System
6 Different Configurations of SCFCLs
6.1 SCFCL with 100% Magnetic Separation
6.2 SCFCL with Partial Magnetic Separation
6.3 SCFCL with DC Coil Through Short-Circuited Terminals
7 Simulation Results for Configurations with One AC Winding
8 Inductive SCFCL

9 SCFCL with DC Single-Core Short-Circuited Windings
10 Conclusion
References
Optimized Settings of Over Current Relays in Electric Power Systems
1 Introduction
2 Coordination Methods
2.1 Absolute Coordination
2.2 Relative Coordination
3 Methods of Relative Coordination
3.1 Current Type Selectivity
3.2 Time Type Selectivity
3.3 Time Current Type Selectivity
3.4 Energy Type Selectivity
4 OCRs Coordination Process Formulation
5 Objective Function and Its Associated Constraints
5.1 Model Basic Constraints
5.2 Boundary Constraints

5.3 Operating Constraints
6 Various Optimization Frameworks for DOCRs Coordination
6.1 Optimal DOCRs Coordination Using Optimization Algorithms
6.2 DOCRs Coordination With and Without Distributed Generators
6.3 Optimal Coordination of DOCRs Coordination in Microgrids
6.4 Mixed Discrimination Between Impedance and DOCRs
6.5 DOCRs Coordination with Dual Setting CCCs
6.6 Optimal Coordination Using Various, User Defined, and Nonstandard Tripping CCCS
6.7 Optimal Coordination of DOCRs with Stability Constraint
6.8 Adaptive DOCRs Coordination

6.9 Various Novel DOCRs Optimization Frameworks
7 Procedures of the SMO
8 Optimized Simulation Results Using the SMO
9 Conclusions
References
Optimal Allocation of Active and Reactive Power Compensators and Voltage Regulators in Modern Distribution Systems
1 Introduction
2 Voltage Stability Analysis
3 Voltage Regulators
4 Optimal Power Flow (OPF)
5 Formulation of the Problem
6 Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)
6.1 Encircling Stage
6.1.1 Bubble-Net Hunting Stage
6.1.2 Exploration (EXPR) Stage
7 Qualification of the Performance of the System