Intro
Preface
Contents
Part I: The Role of the Nurse Practitioner
Evolution in Healthcare: The Journey from a US Demonstration Project to an International Concept
Introduction
History of Nurses in Public Health
Early Development of Expanded Role
A Demonstration Project
Geopolitical Factors Facilitating Healthcare Revolution
Expansion of Nurse Practitioner Programs
Challenges to Role Expansion
Nursing Opposition
Physician Opposition
Education
Certification
Titling
Scope of Practice
Landmark Studies
Regulation
Reimbursement

Prescriptive Authority
Real-Life Stories by Nurse Practitioners
Academic Medical Center
Private Pediatric Group Practice
Primary Care Community Center
Lack of Unity: The Formation of Nurse Practitioner Organizations
International Collaboration
Reaching Consensus in the United States
The Journey
Bibliography
The Global Emergence of the Nurse Practitioner Role
Introduction
The International Council of Nurses' Nurse Practitioner Definition
Factors Influencing Consideration of the Nurse Practitioner Concept
Approaching Global Nurse Practitioner Development

Country Exemplars
Australia
Botswana
Canada
Republic of Ireland
Jamaica
New Zealand
UK (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales)
International Influence
International Council of Nurses (ICN)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Conclusion
References
Differentiation of International Advanced Practice Nursing Roles: NP and CNS
Introduction
Historical Background of the NP and CNS
Historical Background of the NP
Historical Background of the CNS
Terminology
Definition of Nurse Practitioner (NP)
Definition of Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

Definitive Continuum for the NP and the CNS
ICN Position on the Clarification of Advanced Practice Nursing Designations
Conclusion
References
Nurse Practitioner Education and Curriculum: A US Focus
Introduction
History and Evolution of NP Education
Education for NPs
US Entry into Practice
Global Entry to Practice
NP Educational Path to Practice
NP Curriculum Development
Curriculum Design
Competency and Curriculum Mapping
Innovations in NP Education
DNP as an Entry to Practice
NP Education Delivery Methods
In-Person
Online and Hybrid

Supervised Clinical Practice
Instructional Design for Adult Learners
Interprofessional Education and Practice
Simulation
Conclusion
References
NP Practice Competencies
Introduction
How Are NP Competencies Developed?
How Are NP Competence Established?
Science of Practice
Care of an Individual and Population
Health Systems Practice
Leadership of Self and Other
How to Use Competencies Documents at the Institutional Level
Frameworks to Evaluation Competencies
Competency-Based Education
Conclusion
References
The Nurse Practitioner as a Leader