Intro
Contents
Abbreviations
Part I: Neuropsychiatric and Lung Physiology
1: Case Report: Delirium Permanence During Resolution Phase of Massive Pneumonia in Patient with COPD Exacerbation
1.1 Clinical Case
1.2 Discussion
1.2.1 Definition of Delirium
1.2.2 Risk Factors for Delirium
1.2.3 Acid-Base Balance and Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
1.2.4 APACHE II Score
1.2.5 Infectious or Sepsis: The EEG Role
1.3 Delirium as a Main Risk Factor in Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

1.4 Pharmacological Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LTRI)
1.5 Conclusions
References
2: Patterns of Psychology Responses in Acute and Chronic Respiratory Failure
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Psychological Response in Acute Respiratory Failure
2.3 Psychological Response in Chronic Respiratory Failure
2.4 Conclusive Remarks
References
3: Epidemiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Ventilator Management
3.1 Anxiety
3.2 Agitation
3.3 Delirium
3.4 Depression
3.5 Sleep Disorders
3.6 Stress Disorders
References

Part II: Psychiatric Disorders in Respiratory Failure: Key Concepts
4: Psychiatric Disorders and Respiratory Failure: Key Concept
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definition and Magnitude of Problem
4.2.1 How to Assess Anxiety Disorders, Depression, and PTSD?
4.2.2 Risk Factors for Anxiety Disorders, Depression, and PTSD
4.2.3 Pathophysiology
4.2.4 Long-Term Potentiation and Stress-Related Memory
4.2.5 Treatment
4.3 Delirium and Dementia
4.3.1 Screening Tools for Delirium
4.3.2 Risk Factors, Prevention and Treatment of Delirium
4.3.3 Dementia
References

5: Concept of "Vulnerable to Stress" Critical Illness-Psychological Stress and Susceptibility in Noninvasive Ventilator Support
5.1 Vulnerable to Stress
5.2 Resilience to Stress
5.3 Why Is the Stress Vulnerability Important in NIV?
5.4 Mechanism of Stress Adaptation
5.5 Factors Related with Stress Vulnerability/Resilience
5.5.1 Vulnerability
5.5.2 Resilience
5.5.3 Health-Related Resilience
5.6 Psychological Impact of Acute and Chronic Illnesses that May Require NIMV
5.7 How to Strengthen Psychological Resilience During NIMV
5.8 Conclusion
References

6: Evaluation of Susceptibility to Psychological Stress and Psychopathology in Non-invasive Ventilatory Support
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Concept of Susceptibility
6.3 The Concept of Psychological Stress
6.4 The Problem of the 'Threshold' in Psychopathology
6.5 Psychological Stress and Psychopathology in Patients with Non-invasive Ventilatory Support
6.6 Assessing Susceptibility in Patients with Non-invasive Ventilatory Support
6.7 Conclusions
References