Intro
Preface
Acknowledgement
Contents
1: Introduction
2: Clinical Basics and Remarks: Why and When Do Neonatologists Need Imaging
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Respiratory Tract
2.2.1 The Developing Lung
2.2.2 Surfactant Replacement Therapy
2.2.3 Pulmonary Function and Mechanisms of Lung Injury
2.2.4 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
2.3 Special Considerations According to the Vulnerable Term and Preterm Infant
2.3.1 Physiologic Changes During Adaption to Extra-Uterine Environment-Asphyxia

2.3.2 Importance of Water and Heat Exchange to the Skin and the Environment
2.3.3 The Open Ductus Arteriosus and Its Mechanism of Closure
2.3.4 Foetal and Umbilico-Placental Circulation
2.3.5 Gastrointestinal Tract and Motility
2.3.6 Inflammatory Response in the Preterm Neonate
2.3.7 Miscellaneous Other Aspects
2.4 Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
2.4.1 POCUS of the Neonatal Brain
2.4.2 Basic Echocardiography
2.4.3 Other Applications
2.5 What Are the Main Indications for Radiologic Examinations at the NICU?
2.6 Screening
2.6.1 Screening in Neonates

2.6.2 Screening by US
2.7 Summary
References
Further Reading
3: General Remarks, Rules, and Considerations
3.1 General Remarks and Considerations
3.2 Which Are the Methods That Can Be Applied and Are Used for Imaging Neonates?
3.2.1 Ultrasound
3.2.2 Radiographs
3.2.3 Fluoroscopy
3.2.4 What About CT and MRI in Neonates?
3.3 Indications for Imaging Neonates
3.4 Contrast Agent Applications in Neonates
3.4.1 Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCA)
3.4.2 Radiopaque Contrast Agents
3.4.3 Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents

3.5 Miscellaneous Other Aspects to Consider When Imaging Neonates
3.6 Summary and Conclusion
Reference
Further Reading
4: Prenatal Imaging: What a Paediatric Radiologist or Neonatologist Should Know?
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Techniques/Requisites
4.2.1 Ultrasound (US)
4.2.1.1 First Trimester US
4.2.1.2 Second Trimester US
4.2.1.3 Third Trimester US
4.2.2 Foetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
4.2.3 Foetal Computed Tomography (CT)
4.3 Anomalies Implying Significant Modification of Perinatal Management

4.3.1 Cervicofacial Anomalies with Possible Airway/Respiratory Challenge and Soft-Tissue Masses
4.3.1.1 Micro and Retrognathia
4.3.1.2 Soft-Tissue and Cervicofacial Masses
4.3.2 Thoracic Malformations at Risk for Respiratory Distress
4.3.2.1 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (DH)
4.3.2.2 Congenital Lung Malformation
4.3.3 Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)
4.3.4 Abdominal Wall Defects
4.3.4.1 Omphalocele
4.3.4.2 Gastroschisis
4.3.5 Abnormal Appearance of the Digestive Tract
4.3.5.1 Absence of Visualisation of the Stomach
4.3.5.2 Oesophageal Atresia