Intro
Foreword: On Handbooks
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction: Scientific Integrity and Institutional Ethics: Challenges and Perspectives
References
Part I: Research Ethics: Scientific Integrity and Research Misconduct
Chapter 2: Data Alteration
Philosophical/Normative Insights
What Are Data, When Should They Be Available and What Is Their Quality?
Varieties of Intended or Unintended Data Alteration
Data Fabrication/Falsification
Scientific Error

Questionable Research Practices (QRP)
Community-Based and Cultural Interpretations of Survey Data Relevance/Precision
Decision Points
Situations in Which Safeguards Against Improper Data Alteration Are at Risk
Decision Points
Suboptimal, Fragmented System or Optimal System?
More Optimal
Decision Points
Constant Rebirth of Research Ethics
References
Chapter 3: Research Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices
Introduction
Misconduct vs. QRPs and Fraud
Investigating Misconduct
Some Famous Cases of Misconduct or Alleged Misconduct

Prevalence Research Misconduct
Causes and Prevention of Misconduct
References
Chapter 4: Ethics of Authorship
Introduction
The Importance of Correct Authorship
Honorary or "Guest" Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Convenience Authorship
Multiple Authorships
Emergent Problems in Authorships
Junior Faculty Roles as Co-authors and the Need of Adequate Mentoring
Patients as Co-authors
Gender Gap in Authorship
Solving Authorship Disputes
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Dissemination of Research Results

Normative Arguments for and Against Comprehensive Results Dissemination
Normative Arguments in Favor of Comprehensive Results Dissemination
Retrospective Invalidation of a Prospectively Favorable Risk-Benefit Ratio
Limitation for Risk-Benefit Assessments
Negatively Impacting Patients' Health
Suboptimal Resource Allocation
Losing Trust in Biomedicine
Normative Arguments Against Comprehensive Results Dissemination
Defining Terms in This Chapter's Context
What Does "Results" Mean
What Does Dissemination Mean

Challenges in Research Results Dissemination: Status Quo Research Results Dissemination
Complete Reporting
Publication Bias
Selective Reporting
SPIN
Timely Reporting
Accessibility
Reporting Quality
Fostering Comprehensive Results Dissemination & Outlook
Approaches to Foster Comprehensive Results Dissemination
Registries
Preprints
Data Repositories
Other Formats
Outlook
References
Chapter 6: Conflicts of Interest in Research
Introduction
What Is a Conflict of Interest?
Conflicts of Financial Interest
Ethical Concerns