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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Introduction
Contents
Part I: The Baobab
Chapter 1: The Distinguishing Features of the Tree of Life and the Baobab
Baobab Description
The Tree of Life and the Kinds of Trees of Life
Biblical Trees of Life
The Edenic Tree of Life
The Heavenly Jerusalem Tree of Life
Representational Trees of Life
Botanic Trees of Life
Evergreens
Palms
Other Botanical Trees of Life
The Baobab as the Exemplary Botanical Tree of Life
Manifest Tree of Life
Ecological Tree of Life
Multipurpose Tree of Life
Central-Place Tree of Life
Inspirational Tree of Life
The Baobab as Humanity's Ancestral Tree of Life
The Evolutionary Origin of the Baobab
The Baobab Tree in the Landscape of the Hadza
Chapter 2: The Hadza and the Studies That Document Their Use of the Baobab
Part II: Theoretical Framework: Societal Specialization and Bipedality
Chapter 3: Hominin Adaptation as the Development of a Gendered Forager Division of Labor
Division of Labor and Societal Specialization
Societal Specialization and the Hadza/Baobab Relation
When Did the Gendered Forager Division of Labor Develop in Hominin Evolution
Exchange in Hominin Evolution
Resource Transfer and Exchange
Exchange in Foraging Societies
The Importance of Exchange
Summary
Chapter 4: Bipedality as the Outcome of the Multidimensional Selective Pressure of the Developing Forager Way of Life
A Change in the Method of Food Procurement
Darwin and the Correlated Evolution of Handiness and Bipedality
Savanna Adaptation
Desiccating Climate Change
Why Did the Descendants of an Arboriterrestrial Ape End Up on the Savanna?
The Upright Advantages of Bipedalism
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Raymond Dart
Feeding Behaviors Leading to Obligate Bipedalism
Postural Feeding
Arboreal Bipedality to Terrestrial Bipedality
Physiological Adaptions and the Savanna Origin of Bipedalism
Bipedality and Tool Use, Weapons, and Other Kinds of Equipment
Carrying Things as the Selective Advantage of Bipedality
Food Carrying
Carrying and the Things Carried
Gender-Specialized Foraging as a Unifying Explanation of Bipedality
Summary
Part III: Material Culture and Technology
Chapter 5: Africa's Premier Fiber Tree
Hadza Use of Baobab Bark Fiber
Cordage
Hadza Bowstrings
Hadza Bead Stringing
The Use of Animal Skins Versus Baobab Fiber
Summary
Chapter 6: The Baobab and Containers
The Development of Container Use in Hominin Evolution
The Baobab as a Container Structure
The Baobab as a Source of Handling Containers
Hadza Container Use in General
Baobab Resources That Generate the Need for Containers
Handling Containers as a Hominin-Specific Trait
Chapter 7: The Baobab and Fire in Hominin Evolution
The Three Key Moments of the Hominin/Fire Relation
The Timeline of the Human/Fire Relation
Preface
Introduction
Contents
Part I: The Baobab
Chapter 1: The Distinguishing Features of the Tree of Life and the Baobab
Baobab Description
The Tree of Life and the Kinds of Trees of Life
Biblical Trees of Life
The Edenic Tree of Life
The Heavenly Jerusalem Tree of Life
Representational Trees of Life
Botanic Trees of Life
Evergreens
Palms
Other Botanical Trees of Life
The Baobab as the Exemplary Botanical Tree of Life
Manifest Tree of Life
Ecological Tree of Life
Multipurpose Tree of Life
Central-Place Tree of Life
Inspirational Tree of Life
The Baobab as Humanity's Ancestral Tree of Life
The Evolutionary Origin of the Baobab
The Baobab Tree in the Landscape of the Hadza
Chapter 2: The Hadza and the Studies That Document Their Use of the Baobab
Part II: Theoretical Framework: Societal Specialization and Bipedality
Chapter 3: Hominin Adaptation as the Development of a Gendered Forager Division of Labor
Division of Labor and Societal Specialization
Societal Specialization and the Hadza/Baobab Relation
When Did the Gendered Forager Division of Labor Develop in Hominin Evolution
Exchange in Hominin Evolution
Resource Transfer and Exchange
Exchange in Foraging Societies
The Importance of Exchange
Summary
Chapter 4: Bipedality as the Outcome of the Multidimensional Selective Pressure of the Developing Forager Way of Life
A Change in the Method of Food Procurement
Darwin and the Correlated Evolution of Handiness and Bipedality
Savanna Adaptation
Desiccating Climate Change
Why Did the Descendants of an Arboriterrestrial Ape End Up on the Savanna?
The Upright Advantages of Bipedalism
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Raymond Dart
Feeding Behaviors Leading to Obligate Bipedalism
Postural Feeding
Arboreal Bipedality to Terrestrial Bipedality
Physiological Adaptions and the Savanna Origin of Bipedalism
Bipedality and Tool Use, Weapons, and Other Kinds of Equipment
Carrying Things as the Selective Advantage of Bipedality
Food Carrying
Carrying and the Things Carried
Gender-Specialized Foraging as a Unifying Explanation of Bipedality
Summary
Part III: Material Culture and Technology
Chapter 5: Africa's Premier Fiber Tree
Hadza Use of Baobab Bark Fiber
Cordage
Hadza Bowstrings
Hadza Bead Stringing
The Use of Animal Skins Versus Baobab Fiber
Summary
Chapter 6: The Baobab and Containers
The Development of Container Use in Hominin Evolution
The Baobab as a Container Structure
The Baobab as a Source of Handling Containers
Hadza Container Use in General
Baobab Resources That Generate the Need for Containers
Handling Containers as a Hominin-Specific Trait
Chapter 7: The Baobab and Fire in Hominin Evolution
The Three Key Moments of the Hominin/Fire Relation
The Timeline of the Human/Fire Relation