Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
1 Why Move HPC Applications to the Cloud?
1.1 Book Organization
References
Part I Foundations
2 What Is Cloud Computing?
2.1 First Look at the Cloud
2.1.1 Origin
2.1.2 Definition
2.2 Benefits and Drawbacks
2.2.1 Cost Savings
2.2.2 Elasticity
2.2.3 Drawbacks
2.3 Service and Delivery Models
2.3.1 Service Models
2.3.2 Delivery Models
2.4 Virtualization and Containers Technologies
2.4.1 Virtualization
2.4.2 Containers
2.5 Final Remarks
References
3 What Do HPC Applications Look Like?

3.1 About High-Performance Computing and Its Way So Far
3.1.1 Concept and Motivations
3.1.2 Evolution of HPC Systems
3.1.3 Graphical Programming Unit as the Main HPC Accelerator
3.1.4 Overview of Current HPC Systems and Associated Concerns
3.2 Design and Performance
3.2.1 Methodology for the Design of HPC Applications
3.2.2 Synopsis of HPC Programming
3.2.3 Critical Numerical and Performance Challenges
3.2.4 About Parallel Efficiency
3.3 Two Examples of HPC Applications
3.3.1 Lattice Quantum ChromoDynamics (LQCD)
3.3.2 High-Resolution Seismic Imaging

3.4 HPC and Cloud Computing
References
Part II Running HPC Applications in Cloud
4 Deploying and Configuring Infrastructure
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Key Infrastructure Elements
4.2.1 Virtual Machines
4.2.1.1 Virtual Machine Images
4.2.2 Regions, Availability Zones, and Placement Strategies
4.2.3 Tenancy
4.2.4 Storage Services
4.2.5 Virtual Private Cloud Networks
4.3 Overview of a Cloud-Based HPC Cluster
4.3.1 Cost and Performance of Cloud-Based HPC Clusters
4.4 Deploying Infrastructure on the IaaS Model
4.4.1 GUI and Command-Line Interface Tools

4.4.2 Infrastructure as Code
4.4.3 IaC Tools for Cloud HPC-Cluster-Like Environments
4.5 Considerations About Selecting Resources and Tools to Deploy HPC Systems on the Cloud
References
5 Executing Traditional HPC Application Code in Cloud with Containerized Job Schedulers
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Foreword
5.1.2 Chapter Organization
5.2 Change Nothing at the Application Level but a Little at the Cloud Orchestrator Level
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Elements of Vocabulary and Essential Definitions

5.2.2.1 Basic Vocabulary Regarding the Notion of HPC Jobs and HPC Job Schedulers
5.2.2.2 Overview of Containers and Cloud Orchestrator
5.2.2.3 Overview of Kubernetes, Slurm, OAR and OpenPBS
5.2.3 Related Works
5.2.4 Challenges, Issues, and Solutions
5.2.4.1 Motivation
5.2.4.2 Propositions
5.2.4.3 Containerized HPC Schedulers
5.2.4.4 Dynamic Containerized of HPC Clusters
5.2.4.5 Impact on Pending Jobs
5.2.4.6 Impact on Running Jobs
5.2.4.7 Towards a General Methodology to Containerize HPC Job Schedulers
5.2.5 Summary of the Discussion