Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I: Emerging Respiratory Viral Diseases
1: Factors Contributing to the Emergence of Viral Diseases
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Viruses and Their Host Range
1.1.1.1 Classifications, Genomic Contents and Morphologies of Viruses
1.1.1.2 The ICTV Classification System
1.1.1.3 The Baltimore Classification System
1.1.1.4 Types of Virus Genomes
1.1.1.5 Morphologies of Virions
1.1.1.6 Kingdoms Parasitized by Viruses
1.1.1.7 Receptor Usage and Successful Infection Leading to Disease

1.1.2 Disease and Its Impact on Humanity
1.1.2.1 Morbidity
1.1.2.2 Mortality
1.1.2.3 Disease Burden
1.1.2.4 Global Losses Due to Disease
1.1.2.5 Stresses on Economies
1.1.3 What Makes Viral Disease Unique
1.1.3.1 Kochś Postulates
1.1.3.2 Differences with Diseases of Other Aetiologies
1.1.3.3 Transmission and Persistence
1.1.3.4 Mutation and Evolution
1.1.3.5 Latency and Reactivation
1.1.4 Brief History of Human Viral Disease
1.1.4.1 First-Ever Viral Disease Cases or Outbreaks Recorded
1.1.4.2 Earliest Epidemics and Pandemics

1.1.4.3 Emergence of Noteworthy Diseases from Key Geographic Locations
1.1.4.4 Other Notable Epidemics and Pandemics in Human History
1.1.4.5 Strategies Developed Against Viral Disease
1.1.4.6 Changes in Human Understanding of Viral Disease
1.1.5 Most Important Human Viral Diseases at Present
1.1.5.1 Diseases of Public Health Importance
1.1.5.2 Notifiable Diseases
1.1.5.3 Viruses with Pandemic Potential
1.1.5.4 Currently Important Viral Diseases and Measures Against Them
1.1.5.5 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
1.1.5.6 Haemorrhagic Fevers

1.1.5.7 Viral Hepatitis
1.1.5.8 Influenza
1.1.5.9 COVID-19
1.1.6 Broad Categorization of Factors and How to Solve Them
1.1.7 Viral Factors
1.1.7.1 Evolution
1.1.7.2 Host Range Expansion
1.1.7.3 Vector Adaptation
1.1.7.4 Resistance Development to Drugs
1.1.7.5 Increase or Change in Pathogenicity or Disease Manifestation
1.1.7.6 Strategies to Combat Host Immune Response
1.1.8 Environmental Factors
1.1.8.1 Geographic Distribution
1.1.8.2 Overlap/Encroachment into and Modifications of Natural Host Habitat

1.1.8.3 Socio-economic Conditions and Environmental Contamination
1.1.8.4 Climatic Changes and Seasonality
1.1.8.5 Vector Habitat Changes
1.1.8.6 Non-human Host Exposure to Vector Species
1.1.9 Human Factors
1.1.9.1 Diagnostic Testing and Mistakes in It
1.1.9.2 Correct and Timely Surveillance
1.1.9.3 Export and Import of Diseases by Humans and Animals
1.1.9.4 Population Size and Diversity
1.1.9.5 Biosafety Breaches and Outbreak Containment
1.1.9.6 Bioterrorism and Biowarfare
1.1.9.7 Healthcare-Associated Transmission
1.1.9.8 Engagement in Risky Behaviour